pharm admin exam 1 Flashcards
What is an organization?
Organizations:
- A group of people working to reach common goals
- May be very small or very large
Identify a small (fewer than 3 people) pharmacy organization
- independent pharmacy
- A group of people working for the provision of its patients
Identify a very large (more than 5000 people) pharmacy organization
- Walgreens
- CVS
Includes all staff and administrators
What is organizational behavior?
Understanding organizational behavior
- A systematic analysis of individuals, groups, and organizations
- Purpose is to understand, predict, and affect human behavior to improve individual performance
- The goal is to positively affect the functioning and success of the organization
Managers need to understand how and why individuals in the organization behave the way they do
– Enables the ability to reward positive behaviors and correct negative behaviors
Understanding organizational behavior
Draws on several behavioral sciences
- Psychology – Allows for the understanding of individual behavior and focuses on aspects of motivation, job satisfaction, attitude measurement, and work design
- Sociology – Allows us to understand how individuals fulfill their roles within a larger system through organizational structures, behavioral norms, and bureaucracies
- Social psychology – focuses on the influence individuals have on one another and the understanding of communication patterns, attitude change, and group functioning
- Anthropology – Provides an understanding of the environment in which organizations function
- Political science – Provides insight into organizational politics and informal organizational structures that influence the functioning of an organization
understand the differences between them
Organizations
Exert control over employees and business outcomes through rewards and sanctions
Continuously identify, communicate, and encourage fulfillment of organization goals and objectives through managers
In order to understand an organization….
You need to understand its purpose or reason for being:
- Vision statement
- Mission statement
- Strategic plan
Organizational principles (see figure 16-1)
At the center of an organization is a set of values that identify their reason for existence, philosophy, and purpose
Goals are used to articulate the values
To make the goals a reality a structure is put in place to make the organization operational (org chart, P & P, job descriptions)
The structure produces the climate and atmosphere of the organization (trust, morale, employee support)
Values, goals, structure, and climate should all be obvious to the external environment – How do we accomplish this?
Organizational climate
Produced by the organizational structure:
- Includes reporting relationships
- Communication patterns
- Decision-making procedures
- Responsibility/accountability
- Rewards structure
Organizational culture
Often confused with organizational climate
Defined as the system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes one organization from another
Involves understanding and believing in how things are done within an organization
A strong culture results when the organization core values are accepted and practiced by everyone
Types or organizational culture (see figure 16-2)
Hierarchical – internal focus, high control
Group – internal focus, low control
Rational – external focus, high control
Developmental – external focus, low control
won’t ask about the focus and control
- Depend on the degree of flexibility or control in the structure of the organization and the focus on either the internal or external environment
- The type of culture of an organization is determined by utilizing a wide range of tools including employee, administration and customer surveys
Organizational culture…….
Has implications for the pharmacy, pharmacist and patient outcomes
Pharmacy – the goods and services available and routinely provided
Pharmacist – the degree of autonomy as well as job satisfaction, turnover
Patient outcomes - medication error reporting and quality of care
Organizational structure
Horizontal differentiation:
describes the degree of similarity and variation based on how many different types of either people or units are included in an organization
Does everyone have the same training and development
Example: a health system having several hospitals, clinics, long-term care and managed care facilities
basically: does everyone have the same training
Organizational structure
Vertical differentiation:
– refers to the depth of the organizational hierarchy, chain of command, reporting structure, number of levels between upper administration (or owner) and staff
Organizational chart (see figure 16-3) – represents the vertical differentiation. Depicts the reporting relationships in an organization
Organizational structure
Spatial differentiation – The degree to which the location of the organization’s units is in one place or spread across multiple locations
Differs between an independent pharmacy, chain pharmacy and institutional setting, healthcare system
Formalization
– The presence of rules, policies and procedures, the degree to which the behaviors of professionals and staff are controlled by the organization
Formalization leads to standardization and often leads to consistency in quality and outcomes
Centralization
– refers to the extent to which decision-making and authority are concentrated at a single point in the organization
Decision-making and authority in this context refer to the rights of an individual under the position they hold in the organization
where is the decision making happening
