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P1 Spring 2024 > biochem oxidative phos. > Flashcards

biochem oxidative phos. Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following is not true about Coenzyme Q

it is lipid soluble

it is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane

it contains one Fe atom which can carry one electron

the electron-rich form is ubiquinol

A

it contains one Fe atom which can carry one electron

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2
Q

which of the following is not true

all cytochromes contain one Fe atom which can carry one electron

Class a cyt’s, are integral membrane proteins

Cyt. c is an integral membrane protein

A

Cyt. c is an integral membrane protein

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3
Q

Where in the mitochondria are the electron transport complexes found?

A. Outer membrane
B. Inter-membrane space
C. Inner membrane
D. Matrix

A

C. Inner membrane

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4
Q

is oxidized by Complex I, ___ is oxidized by Complex II

A. Cytochrome c, cytochrome a
B. NADH, FADH2
C. NAD+, FAD
D. Q, Q

A

B. NADH, FADH2

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5
Q

what molecule transports electrons from complex I to complex II

Coenzyme Q

Cytochrome c

FAD

NAD

none of the above

A

none of the above

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6
Q

for every cycle of beta oxidation, how many protons are pumped through complex II

0

2

4

6

A

0

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7
Q

what does the M.A shuttle do

transports NADH into mitochondria matrix

transports NADH out of mitochondria matrix

transports reducing electrons into mitochondria matrix

transports reducing electrons out of mitochondria matrix

A

transports reducing electrons into mitochondria matrix

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8
Q

What molecule transports electrons from complex I/II to Complex III?

A. Cytochrome c
B. FAD
C. FMN
D. NAD+
E. CoenzymeQ

A

E. CoenzymeQ

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9
Q

what molecule transports electrons from complex III to complex IV

NADH
ubiquinol
FADH2
cytochrome c
cytochrome c1

A

cytochrome c

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10
Q

what molecule is reduced by (receives) eletrocn from complex IV

NADH
succinate
coenzyme Q
cytochrome c
O2

A

O2

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11
Q

For every pair of electrons that pass through Complex I-IV of the electron transport chain, how many protons are pumped from the matrix to the inter-membrane space?

A. 4, 0, 4, 2
B. 4,0,2,4
C. 4, 2, 0, 2
D. 2,4,0,4
E. 2,0,4,2

A

A. 4, 0, 4, 2

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12
Q

what is the primary regulator of oxidative phosphorylation

acetyl-CoA
ATP
ADP
Citrate
NADH

A

ADP

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13
Q

oligomycin directly inhibits

complex I
complex II
complex III
complex IV
ATP synthase

A

ATP synthase

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14
Q

which of the following is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation

antimycin A
carbon monoxide
cyanide
DNP
rotenone

A

DNP

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15
Q

If antimycin A is added to properly functioning mitochondria, which of the following will not be true?

A. [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio will increase
B. O2 consumption will increase
C. Oxidative phosphorylation will slow or stop
D. Electron transfer will slow or stop

A

B. O2 consumption will increase

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16
Q

in normally functioning mitochondria, which of the following would be most likely to increase the rate of NADH consumption (oxidation)

adding an uncoupler to the mix

adding cyanide to the mix

adding antimycin A to the mix

increasing the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio in the mitochondria

A

adding an uncoupler to the mix

17
Q

if DNP is added to properly functioning mitochondria, which of the following will be true

the [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio will increase

oxygen (O2) consumption will be reduced

oxidative phosphorylation will take place as usual

electron transfer will take place as usual

none of the above

A

electron transfer will take place as usual

18
Q

experimental analysis
1 - if intact mitochondria are incubated with ADP, Pi, NADH, succinate and O2 the concentrations of all these compounds begin to decrease while the concentrations of ATP, NAD, and fumarate begin to increase

2 - then if MM1 is added to the mixture, the rates of consumption of ADP, Pi & O2 decrease and the rate of formation of ATP decreases, NADH is no longer consumed and the rate of consumption of succinate is unchanged

1 - it blocks complex I
2 - it blocks complex II
3 - it blocks complex III
4 - it blocks ATP synthase
5 - it is an uncoupler

A

1 - it blocks complex I

19
Q

What is the “energy cost” of forming malonyl- CoA from acetyl-CoA?

A. 1 ATP
B. 1 FADH2
C. 1 NADH
D. 1 NADPH

A

A. 1 ATP

20
Q

What is the primary source of reducing electrons for fatty acid biosynthesis?

A. FADH2
B. NADH
C. NADPH
D. ATP

A
21
Q

the NADPH required for F.A synthesis can be formed when ___ is oxidized

acetyl CoA
citrate
malate
oxaloacetate
pyruvate

A

malate

22
Q

How does acetyl-CoA for FA synthesis get from the mitochondria to the cytosol?

A. Through an acetyl-CoA transporter
B. Through the malate-aspartate shuttle
C. As a part of oxaloacetate
D. As a part of citrate

A

D. As a part of citrate

23
Q

the first step in TAG synthesis is the formation of ___ the second step in TAG synthesis is the formation of ____

acetyl CoA
glycerol 3-phos., phosphatidic acid
linoleic acid, arachidonate
glycerol, diacylglycerol

A

linoleic acid, arachidonate

24
Q

What enzyme is regulated to control the rate of glyceroneogenesis?

glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

pyruvate dehydrogenase

pyruvate carboxylase

PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK)

A

PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK)

25
Q

What effect does cortisol have on the rate of TAG synthesis in adipose

it increases the rate

it decreases the rate

A

it decreases the rate

26
Q

what effect does cortisol have on the rate of TAG synthesis in the liver

it increases the rate

it decreases the rate

A

it increases the rate

27
Q

how does cortisol affect the rates of TAG synthesis

allosteric regulation

covalent regulation

regulation of gene expression

A

regulation of gene expression

28
Q

what effect do the thiazolidinediones have on glyceroneogenesis

decrease In adipose

increase in adipose

decrease in liver

increase in liver

A

increase in adipose

29
Q

____is an omega-3 fatty and and ____is a precursor of arachidonic acd

DHA, linolenate
DHA, EPA
EPA, linolenate
linolenate, linolenate

A

linolenate, linolenate

30
Q

Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Inhibit…

A. COX-1 only
B. COX-2 only
C. Both COX enzymes
D. Release of arachidonate from cell membranes

A

D. Release of arachidonate from cell membranes

31
Q

what enzyme do aspirin and other NSAIDS inhibit

fatty acid synthase
magic enzyme
cyclooxygenase
citrate lyase
PEP carboxykinase

A

cyclooxygenase

32
Q

COX-2 is part of the pathway leading to the synthesis of compounds involved in

platelet aggregation (thromboxjnes)

stomach protection (mucins)

causing pain and inflammation

A

causing pain and inflammation

33
Q

The enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis is…
A. COX
B. Citrate lyase
C. HMG-CoA reductase
D. PEP carboxykinase
E. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

C. HMG-CoA reductase

34
Q

which of the following would promote the activity of HMG-CoA reductase

elevated [insulin]

elevated [glucagon]

elevated intracellular [cholesterol]

A

elevated [insulin]

35
Q

HMG-CoA reductase is competitively inhibited by

corticosteroid
NSAIDs
statins
thiazolidinediones
uncouplers

A

statins

36
Q

PCSK9

brings more LDL receptors to the surface of cells

inhibits the receptor-mediated and endocytosis of cholesterol

prevents LDL receptors from returning to the cell surface

A

prevents LDL receptors from returning to the cell surface

37
Q

cholesterol is a precursor for the biosynthesis

bile acids
cholesterol esters
vitamin A
vitamin D
steroid hormones

A

vitamin A

38
Q
A

P1 Spring 2024 (57 decks)

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