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Pharmacology > Pharm 2 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharm 2 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

alpha 1 blocker non-selective use

A

MAOI and tyramine

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2
Q

ADR of alpha 1 blockers

A

first dose postural HOTN

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3
Q

name 2 alpha 2 agonists

A

clonidine
methyldopa

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4
Q

clonidine MOA and use

A

inhibits NE fusion with cell membrane

use- depressant withdraw

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5
Q

clonidine caution

A

DO NOT stop abruptly

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6
Q

methyldopa MOA and use

A

inhibits NE synthesis

use- pregnancy and CKD

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7
Q

methyldopa ADR

A

false + coombs test
lingering effects
lactation
dry mouth

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8
Q

cardioselective BB

A

atenolol
bisoprolol
esmolol
metoprolol

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9
Q

nonselective BB and it’s use

A

propranolol
use- pregnancy for tachyarrhythmias and HA prevention

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10
Q

name 4 mixed alpha/beta blockers

A

labetolol
carvediolol
esmolol
nebivolol

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11
Q

nebivolol increases secretion of what molecule?

A

NO

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12
Q

esmolol use

A

intra and post op HTN

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13
Q

ADR of BB

A

blocks effects of hypoglycemia
ED
bradycardia

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14
Q

thiazides increase excretion of what molecules

A

Na+, H2O and Cl-

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15
Q

use of thiazide diuretics

A

elderly and Blacks with HTN
calcium nephrolithasis
edema

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16
Q

ADR of thiazide diuretics

A

metabolic acidosis
decreased Na+ and K+
worsening of gout
nephrotoxic

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17
Q

CI of thiazide use

A

sulfa allergy

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18
Q

loop diuretics increase excretion of what molecules?

A

Na+, K+ and Ca2+

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19
Q

ADRs of loop diuretics

A

metabolic alkalosis
decreased Na+, K+ and Ca2+
worsened gout
ototoxic

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20
Q

ADR of spironolactone

A

gynecomastia

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21
Q

ACEI ADRs

A

cough
angioedema
increase K+ and creatinine

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22
Q

ACEI have decreased renal clearance with what drugs?

A

lithium
digoxin
allopurinol
methotrexate

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23
Q

dihydropyridine CCBs work on ______ while non-dihydropyridine CCBs work on _______ cells

A

smooth muscle cells
cardiac cells

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24
Q

this dihydropyridine may increase MI risk and is not used for HTN

A

nicardipine

*can use in pregnancy

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25
non-dihydropyridine DI
3A4 inhibitors
26
ADR of CCBs
peripheral edema reflex tachycardia orthostatic HOTN
27
hydralazine MOA
arterial dilation via cGMP
28
ADRs of hydralazine
SLE at high doses peripheral neuritis reflex tachycardia
29
minoxidil must be used with what 2 other medications?
BB and loop diuretic
30
nitroprusside MOA
smooth muscle dilation in arteries and veins
31
nitroprusside ADR
orally may lead to cyanide poisoning
32
CI of nitroprusside use
CAD, may lead to coronary steal syndrome
33
name 5 BP medications that can be used in pregnancy
methyldopa labetaolol propranolol (tachyarrhythmias) nicardipine hydralazine
34
ACEI/ ARB indications
DM CKD stroke/ TIA CAD (+BB) HF (+ BB and diuretic)
35
thiazide or CCB inidcations
African American > 50 yrs old
36
digoxin MOA
blocks Na/K ATPase--> decreased Ca2+ expulsion and increased contractility
37
therapeutic level of digoxin
0.5-0.9 ng/mL
38
dig toxicity s/sx
yellow vision AMS n/v/d
39
name 3 vasodilators used in HF
imdur/ isosorbide hydralazine nitroprusside
40
imdur MOA
venous dilation (decreased preload)
41
imdur DI
synergistic PDE5 inhibitors
42
hydralazine MOA
arterial dilation (decreased afterload)
43
what 4 drugs have been shown to decreased mortality in HF?
spironolactone ACE-I BB (carvedilol) hydralazine + nitrates in Blacks
44
what drug has been shown to decrease hospitalization in HF?
digoxin
45
name 3 drugs used for CHF
ACEI/ARB BB- Carvedilol Spironolactone
46
name 2 drugs used for acute and chronic HF
diuretics imdur/ isosorbide
47
name 2 drugs used for acute decompensated HF
nitroprusside beta agonists (dobutamine and dopamine)
48
name 1 drug used for chronic HF
digoxin
49
statin MOA
decreases cholesterol synthesis increases LDL receptors on cell membranes--> increased LDL uptake
50
ADR of statins
rhabdomyolysis- increased with gemfibrozil, niacin, macrolides, azoles, ect myopathy--> CoQ-10 brown urine
51
statin DIs
3A4 substrates- atorvastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin 2C9 substrate- rosuvastatin
52
statin CI/ when to D/C
CK > 10x ULN
53
ezetimibe MOA
decreased cholesterol absorption at intestinal brush border
54
DIs of zetia
avoid/ increases zetia- fibrates and cyclosporines separate/ decreases zetia- BAS
55
BAS MOA
decreases bile acid absorption in intestines
56
BAS ADR
GI upset
57
DI of BAS
many, decreases absorption of other drugs *take 4 hrs apart from other meds
58
PCSK9 inhibitor MOA
reduces degradation of LDL receptors on cell membranes--> increased LDL uptake
59
fibrate MOA
PPAR agonists--> increase lipoprotein lipase--> decreased TGs
60
use of fibrates
TGs > 500
61
ADR of fibrates
GI upset and gallstones increased LFTs myalgia
62
fibrate monitoring
LFTs- baseline, at 3 mo and then annually
63
fibrate CIs
renal- CrCL < 30 hepatic impairment gallbladder disease
64
DI of fibrates
statins- increased rhabdo warfarin sulfonylureas
65
niacin ADRs
flushing hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia hepatotoxicity GI issues
66
CI to niacin use
gout liver disease caution with DM and PUD
67
niacin monitoring
LFTs- q 2-3 mo for 1 yr, then annual glucose and uric acid post 6-8 wks and the annual

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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