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Pharmacology > Drugs of Abuse and Toxicity > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse and Toxicity Flashcards

1
Q

this is non-medical use of a variety of drugs that are prohibited by law

A

illicit drug use

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2
Q

this is use of an illicit drug or the excessive or nonmedical use of a licit drug

A

drug abuse

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3
Q

this plays a primary role in expression of reward

A

dopamine

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4
Q

this schedule is no medical use with high addiction potential drugs

A

1

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5
Q

this schedule is medical use and high addiction potential drugs

A

2

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6
Q

this schedule is medical use and moderate abuse potential drugs

A

3

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7
Q

this schedule is medical use and low abuse potential drugs

A

4

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8
Q

what schedule drugs are these
marijuana
flunitrazepam
heroin
LSD
mescaline
PCP
MDA
MDMA
STP

A

1

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9
Q

what schedule drugs are these:
amphetamines
cocaine
methylphenidate
short acting barbiturates
strong opioids

A

2

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10
Q

what schedule drugs are these:
anabolic steroids
babiturates
dronabinol
ketamine
sodium oxybate

A

3

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11
Q

what schedule drugs are these:
benzodiazepines
chloral hydrate
mild stimulants
most hypnotics
weak opioids

A

4

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12
Q

MAO of sedative- hypnotics

A

GABA agonist
nicotinic receptor antagonists

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13
Q

this drug class reduces inhibitions, suppresses anxiety, and produce relaxation

A

sedative-hypnotics

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14
Q

overdose maintenance of sedative-hypnotics

A

airway maintenance
flumazenil- benzodiazepine antidote
no antidote for barbiturates or ethanol

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15
Q

withdrawal of sedative hypnotics s/s

A

seizures
high anxiety
tremor
n/v
delirium and hallucinations

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16
Q

tx of sedative hypnotic withdrawals

A

long acting sedative hypnotics to suppress the acute withdrawal syndrome, followed by gradual dose reduction

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17
Q

function of these two drugs:
clonidine
propranolol

A

suppress sympathetic overactivity

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18
Q

what are these three drugs used for:
naltrexone, acamprostate, disulfuram

A

prevent alcohol consumption

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19
Q

opioid overdose tx

A

naloxone and ventilatory support

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20
Q

opioid withdrawal s/s

A

lacrimation
rhinorrhea
yawning, sweating, weakness
gooseflesh
n/v, tremor, muscle jerks
hyperpnea
(think water effect)

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21
Q

tx of opioid withdrawal

A

replacement of illicit drug with pharmacologically equivalent (methadone)
buprenorphine may be used
naloxone in someone using strong opioids

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22
Q

amphetamine MOA

A

alters transporters of CNS amines and increases their release (dopamine, NE, serotonin)

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23
Q

chronic high dose abuse of amphetamines can lead to…

A

psychotic state with delusions and paranoia

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24
Q

amphetamine overdose s/s

A

agitation
restlessness
tachycardia and hyperthermia
hyperreflexia and seizures

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25
this drug class increases euphoria and self confidence
amphetamines
26
amphetamine withdrawal s/s
increased appetite sleepiness exhaustion mental depression (possible antidepressant drugs)
27
overdose tx of amphetamine
no specific antidote- supportive care for body temp and protection against cardiac arrhythmias/ seizures
28
chronic abuse of this stimulant may be associated with development of what condition
necrotizing arteritis
29
cocaine MAO
inhibitor of CNS transporters of dopamine, NE and serotonin
30
the effects of this stimulant are marked by short lasting euphoria, self-confidence, and mental alertness
cocaine
31
overdoses of this drug commonly lead to death from arrhythmias, seizures or respiratory depression
cocaine
32
cocaine cardiac toxicity partly due to blocking of _____ reuptake
NE
33
this property of cocaine leads to production of seizures
local anesthetic action
34
this cocaine property may lead to severe hypertensive episodes, MI, or CVA
vasoconstrictive
35
is there a specific cocaine antidote?
no
36
this is the study of toxic or harmful effects of chemicals
toxicology
37
what is the most important tx of poisoned patients?
supportive care- airway support
38
what are 3 procedures used to reduce absorption of poisons in the GI tract?
inducing emesis gastric lavage activated charcoal
39
these procedures to reduce absorption of poisons must be done within 1 hr of ingestion to be effective and any poison that has moved into the small intestine is not removed
inducing emesis (best if done in 5 min) gastric lavage
40
this procedure to reduce absorption of poisons remains in the GI tract and absorbs poison throughout
activated charcoal
41
this toxicity is the major cause of hepatic failure in US
acetaminophen toxicity
42
what is the toxic metabolite of APAP
NAPQI
43
how can NAPQI be toxic
decreases glutathione and leads to cell death
44
what is the antidote for APAP
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) *it's a precursor of glutathione
45
why can methanol be toxic?
metabolites are the cause of toxicity
46
metabolism of methanol
methanol broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase into formaldehyde which is broken down by aldehyde dehydrogenase into formic acid
47
what organ metabolizes ethylene glycol
liver via alcohol dehydrogenase to glycoaldehyde
48
what are the two antidotes to ethylene glycol
ethanol fomepizole both block metabolism of alcohol dehydrogenase
49
this drug can be used to treat ethylene glycol poisoning and has 500-1,000x greater affinity for alcohol dehydrogenase than ethanol and is the GOLD standard for tx
fomepizole
50
this is a tx of ethylene glycol that expedites elimination
hemodialysis
51
cyanide MOA
complete blockage of oxidative phosphorylation binds Fe3+ (iron)
52
what is the most critical enzyme affected by cyanide?
cytochrome a3- loss of ATP synthesis w/o this enzyme functioning
53
what is the function of cytochrome a3
ATP synthesis
54
this antidote of cyanide includes sodium nitrate and sodium thiosulfate
nithoidote
55
MAO of nithoidote for cyanide
nitrite oxide oxidizes iron and converts Hb to methemoglobin which has very high affinity for cyanide and facilitates elimination
56
what cyanide antidote may cause severe hypotension
nithoidote
57
this is the antidote of choice for cyanide and has a high affinity for cyanide
cyanokit
58
in the presence of cyanokit and cyanide this is formed
nontoxic cyanobalamin
59
this toxin interacts with Na/K transporters and has a narrow TI
digoxin
60
overdose symptoms of digoxin
unusual blind spots color mismatch irregular pulse tachycardia
61
digoxin antidote
digibind digitalis antidote digiFab
62
chelating agent of arsenic
dimercaprol
63
chelating agent of iron
deferoxamine
64
chelating agents of lead
succimer EDTA
65
chelating agents of mercury
succimer dimercaprol
66
this drugs acts as inhibiting the vitamin K cycle and reduces the activity of coagulation factor- dependent clotting functions
warfarin
67
warfarin antidote
ORAL phytonadione (vitamin K)
68
this antidote is used for paracetamol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and radiocontrast nephropathy by replenishing depleted glutathione stores
acetylcyseine
69
this antidote is used for cholinesterase inhibitors and insecticides because it blocks muscarinic cholinoceptors
atropine
70
this antidote is used for drug-induced movement disorders by blocking muscarinic cholinoceptors
benzatropine
71
this antidote is used for beta antagonists and Ca2+ channel blockers by bypassing blockage of b receptors and stimulating cyclic AMP formation with positive cardiac inotropic effect
glucagon
72
this antidote is used for antimuscarinic drugs and inhibits acetylcholinesterase, causing ACh to accumulate at cholinoceptors
neostigmine
73
this antidote is used for hypertension, clonidine and ergotamine by blocking a receptors
phentolamine
74
this antidote is used for cholinesterase inhibitors or insecticides by reactivating cholinesterase
pralidoxime
75
this antidote is used for heparin and binds ionically to neutralize
protamine
76
this antidote is used for salicylate and alkalizes urine to enhance elimination
sodium bicarb

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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