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pharmacology > Pesticides > Flashcards

Pesticides Flashcards

1
Q

what does the FDA regulate

A

systemics, orals, injectables; usually requires prescription or is dispensed by a licensed veterinarian

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2
Q

what does the EPA regulate

A

externally applied, non-systemics; most OTC without prescription

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3
Q

all known or supsected aadverse effects are to be reported to

A

manufacturer or appropriate agency

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4
Q

what are combo drugs

A

different life stage targets
insecticide + acaricide
insecticide + synergists

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5
Q

how do adulticides act

A

ion permeability

nerve receptors

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6
Q

pyrethrin MOA

A

inhibits neurotransmission of sodium channels resulting in paralysis and death

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7
Q

pyrethrin adverse effects

A

wide safety margin, topical irritation may occur at site of application

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8
Q

pyrethrin closely related insectidcidal extract from

A

chrysanthemum plant- often combined with synergists

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9
Q

permethrin MOA

A

inhibits transmission of sodium channels resulting in paralysis and death

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10
Q

permethrin is a ____

A

pyrethroid

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11
Q

pyrethroids effects

A

rapidly kill fleas and other insects on dogs, horse, cows, and SR and poultry;

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12
Q

permethrin contraindications

A

dont use in cats

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13
Q

indoxicarb MOA

A

(activyl) irreversible hyperactivation of voltage gated sodium channels in insect nerves; given in inactive form, activated by insect

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14
Q

indoxacarb adverse events

A

minimal, hypersalivation if animals licks drug; rare cases of GI or neurologic signs reported in cats

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15
Q

indoxacarb effects

A

prevents and kills adult fleas on dogs and cats

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16
Q

fipronil MOA

A

(frontline)blocks GABA gated chloride channels in arthropods leading to seizures of fleas before death

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17
Q

fipronil adverse events

A

do not ingest orally, animals may itch temprorarily, animals may salviate if they lick the drug

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18
Q

fipronil is a

A

phylprazole

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19
Q

fipronil effects

A

kills adult fleas, ticks, and chewing lice and aids in control of saroptic mange

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20
Q

minimum age for fipronil

A

10-12 weeeks; safe for breeding pregnant and lactating animals

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21
Q

afoxolaner MOA

A

(nexguard) Affects GABA gated chloride channels leading to spastic paralysis

22
Q

afoxolaner adverse events

A

safe; vomiting/diarrhea

23
Q

afoxolaner is a

A

isoxazoline

24
Q

afoxolaner kills

A

fleas and ticks

25
Q

fluralaner MOA

A

(bravecto) affects GABA gated chloride channels leading to spastic paralysis

26
Q

fluralaner adverse events

A

allergies, bleeding disorders, vomiting and diarrhea when given PO

27
Q

fluralaner is a

A

isoxazoline

28
Q

fluralaner kills

A

fleas and ticks

29
Q

fluralaner is not for animasl who are

A

allergic to beta lactams or recieving warfarin anticoagulants

30
Q

imidacloprid MOA

A

(advantage) irreversibly binds to nicotinic (Ach) receptors leading to fly seizures

31
Q

imidacloprid adverse events

A

safe

32
Q

imidacloprid is a

A

nicotinoid

33
Q

imidacloprid effect

A

chloronicotinic insecticide used to kill adult fleas by contact or ingestion

34
Q

nitenpyram MOA

A

(capstar) inhibits post synaptic nicotinic Ach receptors to produce an influx of sodium ions

35
Q

nitenpyram is a

A

nicotinoid

36
Q

nitenpyram effect

A

neonicotinoid drug used to kill adult fleas

37
Q

nitenpyram contraindications

A

use in 2 lbs or 4 weeks of age

38
Q

dinotefuran MOA

A

(vectra) inhibits nicotinic ACH RECEPTORS CAUSING THE FLEA TO STOP FEEDING AND DIE WITHIN HOURS

39
Q

dinotefuran adverse events

A

mammalian ach receptors are structurally different so there is no binding

40
Q

dinotefuran effect

A

nicitinoid; neonicotinoid drug that affects adult fleas in dogs and cats

41
Q

inoispinosad MOA

A

(comfortis) spinosyn a + d activates nicotinic Ach receptors causing muscle contractions, tremors, paralysis and deat of the flea

42
Q

spinosad adverse events

A

occasional vomiting doesnt seem to affect breeds with MDR gene; increased liver enzymes

43
Q

spinosad effect

A

spinosyn used as a monthly treatment for flea infestation; kills in 30 minutes

44
Q

spinosad contraindications

A

do not administer with high dose ivermectin; nursing

45
Q

spinosad produced by

A

saccharopolyspora spinosa bacterium- approved as organic

46
Q

macrolytic lactones MOA

A

increased release of inhibitory neurotransmitters leads to flaccid paralysis

47
Q

effeceffect of macrocyclic lactones

A

mecints and milbmycin osime insecticide, acaricide, endecticide

48
Q

cSs-methoprene, pyripoxyfan, diflubenzuron

A

(frontline) mimics juvenile hormones that keep larvae from molting or maturing

49
Q

lufenuron MOA

A

inhibits chitin synhesis preventing haching of flea eggs

50
Q

lufenuron adverse effents

A

sensitivity found in breeds with MDR mutation

pharmacology (11 decks)

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