Pesticides Flashcards
what does the FDA regulate
systemics, orals, injectables; usually requires prescription or is dispensed by a licensed veterinarian
what does the EPA regulate
externally applied, non-systemics; most OTC without prescription
all known or supsected aadverse effects are to be reported to
manufacturer or appropriate agency
what are combo drugs
different life stage targets
insecticide + acaricide
insecticide + synergists
how do adulticides act
ion permeability
nerve receptors
pyrethrin MOA
inhibits neurotransmission of sodium channels resulting in paralysis and death
pyrethrin adverse effects
wide safety margin, topical irritation may occur at site of application
pyrethrin closely related insectidcidal extract from
chrysanthemum plant- often combined with synergists
permethrin MOA
inhibits transmission of sodium channels resulting in paralysis and death
permethrin is a ____
pyrethroid
pyrethroids effects
rapidly kill fleas and other insects on dogs, horse, cows, and SR and poultry;
permethrin contraindications
dont use in cats
indoxicarb MOA
(activyl) irreversible hyperactivation of voltage gated sodium channels in insect nerves; given in inactive form, activated by insect
indoxacarb adverse events
minimal, hypersalivation if animals licks drug; rare cases of GI or neurologic signs reported in cats
indoxacarb effects
prevents and kills adult fleas on dogs and cats
fipronil MOA
(frontline)blocks GABA gated chloride channels in arthropods leading to seizures of fleas before death
fipronil adverse events
do not ingest orally, animals may itch temprorarily, animals may salviate if they lick the drug
fipronil is a
phylprazole
fipronil effects
kills adult fleas, ticks, and chewing lice and aids in control of saroptic mange
minimum age for fipronil
10-12 weeeks; safe for breeding pregnant and lactating animals
afoxolaner MOA
(nexguard) Affects GABA gated chloride channels leading to spastic paralysis
afoxolaner adverse events
safe; vomiting/diarrhea
afoxolaner is a
isoxazoline
afoxolaner kills
fleas and ticks
fluralaner MOA
(bravecto) affects GABA gated chloride channels leading to spastic paralysis
fluralaner adverse events
allergies, bleeding disorders, vomiting and diarrhea when given PO
fluralaner is a
isoxazoline
fluralaner kills
fleas and ticks
fluralaner is not for animasl who are
allergic to beta lactams or recieving warfarin anticoagulants
imidacloprid MOA
(advantage) irreversibly binds to nicotinic (Ach) receptors leading to fly seizures
imidacloprid adverse events
safe
imidacloprid is a
nicotinoid
imidacloprid effect
chloronicotinic insecticide used to kill adult fleas by contact or ingestion
nitenpyram MOA
(capstar) inhibits post synaptic nicotinic Ach receptors to produce an influx of sodium ions
nitenpyram is a
nicotinoid
nitenpyram effect
neonicotinoid drug used to kill adult fleas
nitenpyram contraindications
use in 2 lbs or 4 weeks of age
dinotefuran MOA
(vectra) inhibits nicotinic ACH RECEPTORS CAUSING THE FLEA TO STOP FEEDING AND DIE WITHIN HOURS
dinotefuran adverse events
mammalian ach receptors are structurally different so there is no binding
dinotefuran effect
nicitinoid; neonicotinoid drug that affects adult fleas in dogs and cats
inoispinosad MOA
(comfortis) spinosyn a + d activates nicotinic Ach receptors causing muscle contractions, tremors, paralysis and deat of the flea
spinosad adverse events
occasional vomiting doesnt seem to affect breeds with MDR gene; increased liver enzymes
spinosad effect
spinosyn used as a monthly treatment for flea infestation; kills in 30 minutes
spinosad contraindications
do not administer with high dose ivermectin; nursing
spinosad produced by
saccharopolyspora spinosa bacterium- approved as organic
macrolytic lactones MOA
increased release of inhibitory neurotransmitters leads to flaccid paralysis
effeceffect of macrocyclic lactones
mecints and milbmycin osime insecticide, acaricide, endecticide
cSs-methoprene, pyripoxyfan, diflubenzuron
(frontline) mimics juvenile hormones that keep larvae from molting or maturing
lufenuron MOA
inhibits chitin synhesis preventing haching of flea eggs
lufenuron adverse effents
sensitivity found in breeds with MDR mutation
