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pharmacology > Antibiotics 2 > Flashcards

Antibiotics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

macrolides MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by 50S

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2
Q

macrolides spectrum

A

notenterobacteria, pseudomonas, occasionaly effective for obligate anaerobes gram negative

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3
Q

macrolides legal

A

in feed; must be under veterinary feed directive

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4
Q

erythromycin adverse effects/contraindications

A 
diarrhea in large animals
hyperthermia in foals
vomiting in SA
dont give IM solutions  IV
Do not give to dairy cattle older than 20 months
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5
Q

tilmicosin adverse effects/contraindications

A

may be cardiotoxic when given in injections
dont give IV to anything
dont give to lactating dairy cattle or goats

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6
Q

tulathromcin adverse effects/contraindications

A 
serious affects not observed
injection site reactions are possible
high doses can cause myocardial lesions
do not use in female dairy cattle over 20 months
do not use in veal calves
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7
Q

tylosin

A 
diarrhea
skin rxn in pigs
fatal to horses
dont give PO to rodents or rabbits
avoid IV administration
dont inject more than 10/mL/IM site
dont use in lactating dairy cattle
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8
Q

macrolides are bacterio_____

A

static

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9
Q

which macrolides are used for Bovine Respiratory complex

A

tulathromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin

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10
Q

what are sulfonamides MOA

A

inhibit enzymes involved in folic acid synthesis which is needed for purine synthesis and ultimately nucleic acid synthesis

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11
Q

general adverse effects and contraindications of sulfonamides and potentiated sulfonamide

A 
Type II and III hypersensitivity
arthropathy
anemia and thrombocytopenia
hepatopathy
hypothyroidism
KCS
skin reactions
dont give to animals sensitive to sulfas
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12
Q

spectrum of normal sulfonamides

A

when used alone are not very effective; resistance to these drugs is common

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13
Q

potentiated sulfonamides spectrum

A

not good for anaerobes or pseudomonas

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14
Q

sulfonamides legal

A

illegal to use in dairy cattle extralabel; except approved use of sulfadimethoxine, sulfabromomethazine, and sulfathoxypyridizine

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15
Q

absorption of sulfonamides

A

well absorbed orally

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16
Q

metaolism of sulfonamides

A

partially metabolized in liver depending on species, trimethoprim rapidly metabolized in ruminants

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17
Q

sulfamethazine MOA

A

competes with PABA for folic acid synthesis

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18
Q

sulfamethazinemethazine adverse effects and contraindications

A

use caution in dobermans

extralabel use prohibited in dairy cattle > 20 months

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19
Q

sulfasalazine mechanisms

A

competes with PABA and releases salicyclic acid to produce an antiinflammatory effect

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20
Q

sulfasalazine adverse effects/contraindications

A

extalabel use in dairy cattle prohibited >20 months

21
Q

trimethorpim-sulfamethoxazole : Trimethorpim MOA

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

22
Q

sulfamethoxazole MOA

A

competetive inhibitor of dihyrofolate synthesis

23
Q

sulfamatheoxazole is metabolized more extensively than

A

sulfadiazine

24
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole adverse effects/contraindications

A

PO in horses leads to diarrhea and idiosyncratic neurological signs
dogs may be more sensitive because they cant acetylate sulfonamides to metabolites
extralabel use prohibited in lactating dairy cattle

25
Q

trimethoprim-sulfadiazine moa

A

both inhibit dihydrofolate synthesis

26
Q

sulfadizazine concentration

A

reaches higher concentrations in urine

27
Q

trimethoprim-sulfadiazone adverse effects/contraindications

A

leads to diarrhea and idiosyncratic neurological signs
dogs may be more sensitive because they cant acetlate sulfonamides to metabolites
extralabel use prohibited in lactating dairy cows

28
Q

ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine; MOA

A

ometoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase; sulfadimethoxine competes with PABA for folic acid synthesis

29
Q

trimethoprim is a diaminopyrimidine that inhibits

A

dyhydrofolate reductase

30
Q

absorption and elimination rate and percent can vary bit

A

formulation

31
Q

beta lactams- penicillins moa

A

works against transpeptidase to inhibit bacterial wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding protein

32
Q

what is one of the most frequently reported residue violations

A

penicillin

33
Q

absorption of penicillins

A

Na or K - water soluble

procaine: poorly soluble suspension for IV or IM longer half life to allow absorption from injection site
benzathine: insoluble supsension for prolonged effect always combined with equal part procaine

34
Q

natural penicillins include

A

penicillin G

35
Q

npenicillin G good for

A

gram - and gram + anaerobic pathogens

36
Q

aminopenicillins include

A

ampicillin and amoxicillin

37
Q

ampicillin contraindication

A

dont mix with other drugs in vials

38
Q

aminopenicillins good for

A

al gram +, respiratory, and gram - anaerobes

39
Q

penicllinase-resistance penicillins include

A

oxacillin
methicillin
cloxacillin

40
Q

oxacillin adverse effects or contraindications

A

food may inhibit oral absorption; resistant to B lacamase

41
Q

methicillin contraindication

A

resistant to B lactamase

42
Q

Cloxacillinin contraindication

A

resistant to B lactamase

43
Q

penicillinase resistance penicillins good for

A

Gram + aerobes, enterobacteriaceae

44
Q

antipseduomonal penicillins include

A

ticarcillin

45
Q

ticarcillin contraindications/adverse effects

A

high doses may produce seizures and decreased platelet function; dont combine in same container with aminoglycosides

46
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins are good for

A

pseudomonas

47
Q

AMOXICILLIN CLAVULANIC ACID moa

A

WORKS AGAINST TRANSPEPTIDASE AND BINDS PENICILLIN BINDING PROTEIN TO INHIBI BACTERIAL WALL SYNTHESIS AND AS A BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR

48
Q

ampicllin-sulbactam

A

not as active asclavulanic acid

49
Q

ticarcilin clavulanate

A

x

pharmacology (11 decks)

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