Exam 3 Urinary System Drugs

Question 1

Bethanechol MOA

Answer 1

stimulates gastric and intestinal motility and contraction of the urinary bladder- resists acetylcholinesterase

Question 2

behanechol effect

Answer 2

muscarinic cholinergic agonist; promotes urination

Question 3

bethanechol adverse effecs

Answer 3

high doses increase GI motility and lead to diarrhea and cause circulatory depression in sensitive animals

Question 4

phenoxybenzamine MOA

Answer 4

a1 receptor antagonist

Question 5

phenoxybenzamine effect

Answer 5

adrenergic antagonist; promotes urination; vasodilation, relaxes urethral smooth muscle

Question 6

phenozybenzamine adverse effects

Answer 6

prolonged hypotension, rapid heart rate, weakness, syncope, diarrhea in horses

Question 7

phenylpropanolamine MOA

Answer 7

nonselective adrenergic agonist (alpha and beta(

Question 8

phenylpropanolamine effect

Answer 8

adrenergic agonist; constricts smooth muscle

Question 9

phenylpropanolomine adverse effects

Answer 9

tachycardia, cardiac effects, CNS excitement, restlessness, appetite stimulation, increased blood pressure, stroke

Question 10

diethylstilbestrol (DES) moa

Answer 10

synthetic estrogen increases sensitivity of a receptors

Question 11

DES effect

Answer 11

treats estrogen responsive incontinence in dogs

Question 12

DES adverse effects

Answer 12

increase risk of pyometra, estrogen sinsitive tumors, rarely bone marrow depression and anemia

Question 13

DES regulations

Answer 13

use caution when handling

not for use in food animals

Question 14

estriol MOA

Answer 14

estrogen believed to increase sensitivity of a receptors in urinary sphinctore

Question 15

estriol adverse effects

Answer 15

none

Question 16

ammonium chloride MOA

Answer 16

induces acidic urine

Question 17

ammonium chloride effect

Answer 17

urine acidifier; manages cystic calculi and chronic UTI

Question 18

ammonium chloride adverse effects

Answer 18

bitter taste; acidemia in high doses

Question 19

Potassium Citrate MOA

Answer 19

alkanilizes urine and increase urine citric acid which decreases urianry calcium oxalate crystallization

Question 20

potassium citrate effect

Answer 20

urine alkalizer; breaks up urinary calculi

Question 21

potassium citrate adverse events

Answer 21

toxicity, hyperkalemia leading to cardiac issues, muscular weakness, nausea and stomach irritation

Question 22

acetozolamide MOA

Answer 22

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; inhibits uptake of bicarb which results in loss of bicarb, water, and alkaline urine

Question 23

acetazolamide effect

Answer 23

CAl diuretic; used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma

Question 24

acetazolamide adverse effects

Answer 24

can produce hypokalemia and signficant bicarb loss; respiatory reaction can occur due to respiratory acidosis

Question 25

mannitol MOA

Answer 25

filtered in glomerulus but not reabsorbed so it increases osmolairty of ruine and leads to inhibition of reabsorption

Question 26

mannitol effect

Answer 26

osmotic diuretic; increases osmolairty of plasma, decreases edema, intracranial and intraocular pressure

Question 27

mannitol adverse effects

Answer 27

can cause significant fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance if given too rapidly may expand ECF extensively

Question 28

furosemide MOA

Answer 28

na/k/cl symporter inhibitor

Question 29

furosemide effect

Answer 29

loop diuretic

Question 30

furosemide adverse events

Answer 30

hyponatremia more common than hypokalemia, tolerance and activation of RAAS with repeated administration

Question 31

hydrochlorothiazide MOA

Answer 31

inhibits sodium reabsorption in distal tubule; increases secretion of Na, K, and water, decreases Ca excretion

Question 32

hydrochlorothiazide effect

Answer 32

decrease sodium and water reabsorption; not a strong diuretic; PREVENTS CALCIUM EXCRETION

Question 33

hydrochlorothiazole adverse effects

Answer 33

may cause hypokalemia

Question 34

spironolactone MOA

Answer 34

K sparing diuretc; inhibits aldosterone so it interferes with Na reabsorption in distal tubule

Question 35

spironolactone effect

Answer 35

aldosterone antagonist; used for high blood pressure and congestion form heart failure; steroid hormone so slow acting; typically not used by itself

Question 36

spironolactone adverse events

Answer 36

can produce hyperkalemia, high doses have some steroid like effects; facial dermatitis in cats