Exam 3 Urinary System Drugs Flashcards
Bethanechol MOA
stimulates gastric and intestinal motility and contraction of the urinary bladder- resists acetylcholinesterase
behanechol effect
muscarinic cholinergic agonist; promotes urination
bethanechol adverse effecs
high doses increase GI motility and lead to diarrhea and cause circulatory depression in sensitive animals
phenoxybenzamine MOA
a1 receptor antagonist
phenoxybenzamine effect
adrenergic antagonist; promotes urination; vasodilation, relaxes urethral smooth muscle
phenozybenzamine adverse effects
prolonged hypotension, rapid heart rate, weakness, syncope, diarrhea in horses
phenylpropanolamine MOA
nonselective adrenergic agonist (alpha and beta(
phenylpropanolamine effect
adrenergic agonist; constricts smooth muscle
phenylpropanolomine adverse effects
tachycardia, cardiac effects, CNS excitement, restlessness, appetite stimulation, increased blood pressure, stroke
diethylstilbestrol (DES) moa
synthetic estrogen increases sensitivity of a receptors
DES effect
treats estrogen responsive incontinence in dogs
DES adverse effects
increase risk of pyometra, estrogen sinsitive tumors, rarely bone marrow depression and anemia
DES regulations
use caution when handling
not for use in food animals
estriol MOA
estrogen believed to increase sensitivity of a receptors in urinary sphinctore
estriol adverse effects
none
ammonium chloride MOA
induces acidic urine
ammonium chloride effect
urine acidifier; manages cystic calculi and chronic UTI
ammonium chloride adverse effects
bitter taste; acidemia in high doses
Potassium Citrate MOA
alkanilizes urine and increase urine citric acid which decreases urianry calcium oxalate crystallization
potassium citrate effect
urine alkalizer; breaks up urinary calculi
potassium citrate adverse events
toxicity, hyperkalemia leading to cardiac issues, muscular weakness, nausea and stomach irritation
acetozolamide MOA
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; inhibits uptake of bicarb which results in loss of bicarb, water, and alkaline urine
acetazolamide effect
CAl diuretic; used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma
acetazolamide adverse effects
can produce hypokalemia and signficant bicarb loss; respiatory reaction can occur due to respiratory acidosis
mannitol MOA
filtered in glomerulus but not reabsorbed so it increases osmolairty of ruine and leads to inhibition of reabsorption
mannitol effect
osmotic diuretic; increases osmolairty of plasma, decreases edema, intracranial and intraocular pressure
mannitol adverse effects
can cause significant fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance if given too rapidly may expand ECF extensively
furosemide MOA
na/k/cl symporter inhibitor
furosemide effect
loop diuretic
furosemide adverse events
hyponatremia more common than hypokalemia, tolerance and activation of RAAS with repeated administration
hydrochlorothiazide MOA
inhibits sodium reabsorption in distal tubule; increases secretion of Na, K, and water, decreases Ca excretion
hydrochlorothiazide effect
decrease sodium and water reabsorption; not a strong diuretic; PREVENTS CALCIUM EXCRETION
hydrochlorothiazole adverse effects
may cause hypokalemia
spironolactone MOA
K sparing diuretc; inhibits aldosterone so it interferes with Na reabsorption in distal tubule
spironolactone effect
aldosterone antagonist; used for high blood pressure and congestion form heart failure; steroid hormone so slow acting; typically not used by itself
spironolactone adverse events
can produce hyperkalemia, high doses have some steroid like effects; facial dermatitis in cats
