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Human Sexuality > Perspectives on Sexuality > Flashcards

Perspectives on Sexuality Flashcards

1
Q

Give four reasons why one would want to study sexuality!

A
  1. sex is a powerful motivator
  2. every society considers sex important
  3. sex is about relationships
  4. sex is about identity
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2
Q

Medicine is concerned with __ and __ in regards to studying sexuality. It tends to be described ___ by different medical people. It is also codified by what?

A
  • health and sickness
  • differently
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association.
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3
Q

The Biological Approach towards studying sexuality emphasizes what? What has it yielded?

A
  • emphasizes our animal nature

- yielded important insights into the biological basis of human sexuality

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4
Q

What sets limits on sexual expression?

A
  • the law
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5
Q

Feminists emphasize what?

A
  • emphasizes women’s sexual rights
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6
Q

What was a dominant idea within feminism in regards to differences between the sexes?

A
  • that differences between the sexes are established by learning and culture.
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7
Q

Past feminist theories are very ___.

L> example?via paglia

A
  • diverse

- the notion that gender differences are largely innate, and culture reins them in rather than creates them (paglia)

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8
Q

What was the primary (official) source of information about sex throughout much of recorded history?

A
  • Religion
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9
Q

Christianity is a sex-______ religion

A

negative

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10
Q

Examples of Catholicism:
- Malleus Maleficarum ?
L> via the lore what is it explaining ?

A
  • Demons that visit men and women during sleep
  • Succubus takes form of a woman
  • Incubus takes form of a man
    ( explains nocturnal emissions and mysterious pregnancies )
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11
Q

Islam : generally has a sex____ attitude, although what?? (exceptions?)

A
  • positive

- gender restrictive with a strong double standard

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12
Q 
What was Sigmund Freud's contribution to understanding of sexuality ? 
L> general idea?
- Two paths they can take:
L> perversions?
L> neurosis?
A
  • basically that normal progression to heterosexuality can be derailed …by being stuck in homosexual/incestuous phases geared to parents.
  • mental states in which adult sexual desires were directed toward atypical targets such as those of the same sex or objects etc.
  • sexual element is repressed from consciousness altogether and reemerged in the form of nonsexual traits and disorders like..OCD…depression or hysteria.
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13
Q

What was Magnus Hirscfeld’s contribution to understand sexuality?
L> idea?
L> relevances to sexual development?

A
  • he tried to reduce the mind to relatively simple non mental things such as growth and activity of nerve cells, hormone secretion, information encoded in genes..
    L> thought these controlled sexual development in a manner completely separate from family relationships and other aspects of life.
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14
Q

From Freud and Hirscfeld’s contributions, which is the most dominant view?

A
  • that both approaches offer insights into human sexuality …(potentially)
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15
Q

What did Henry Havelock Ellis contribute to the early scientific knowledge of sexuality?

A
  • sought nonjudgemental information
  • believed deviations from the norm were harmless
  • wrote Studies in the Psychology of Sex based on known facts.
    L> mostly personal accounts of unusual forms of sexual expression
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16
Q

What did Richard von Kraft-Ebing contribute to the early scientific knowledge of sexuality?

A
  • he had a special interest in pathological sexuality
  • wrote Psychopathia Sexualis (238 case studies)
  • ## writing were neither objective or tolerant
17
Q

What did Kraft-Ebing claim he had the right to do?

A
  • claimed he had the right to name sexual disorders and to diagnose those that suffered from them
18
Q

Hirscfeld
L> administered the first what?
L> what was he an advocate for?

A
  • first large scale sex survey

- sexual minorities

19
Q

What are the four commonalities of cross cultural perspective on sex?

A
  1. no society has seen fit to leave sex unregulated
  2. taboos against incest are nearly universal
  3. most societies condemn forced sexual relations
  4. beyond these, regulations vary greatly (extremes: inis beag vs mangaia )
20
Q

What some differences in techniques across cultures in regards to sexuality perspective?(4)

A
  1. kissing is common but not universal….some see it as repulsive
  2. grooming and delousing are widespread as a prelude
  3. cunnilingus is less common but variants have been observed
    L> ex: Island of Ponape, fish in the vulva is licked out by male
  4. Inflicting pain is common (most typically the woman hurst the man)
21
Q

What are some differences in frequency of intercourse ? (2)

A
  • South Pacific < Australia
22
Q

Masturbation in Cross Cultural Perspective:
L> attitudes?
L> who practices it?
L> whats the deal on female masturbation?

A
  • wide range of attitudes but most societies express some disapproval of adult masturbation
  • at least some adults in all societies practice it
  • female masturbation is seen in many societies….(the head to genital technique of Lesu, South Pacific)
23
Q

Homosexuality in Cross Cultural perspective?

:> attitudes?

A
  • large variety but four common facts are present.
24
Q

Homosexuality in Cross Cultural perspective?

L> What are the four common facts ?

A
  1. regardless of societal attitudes it always occurs in some people
  2. males are more likely to engage that females
  3. it is never the predominant form of sexual activity
  4. the incidence appears table across time and cultures ( ~ 2-5% of the pop)
25
Q 
What are the varying standards of attractiveness in the cross cultural perspective?
1. North American? 
L> existence of this in other cultures?
3. What else is judged but varies?
4. common perspective??
A

1/ accepted ideal (barbie doll) exists, but true preference vary widely

  1. it only exists in a dew societies…many prefer zaftig
  2. region of the body judged for variety varies immensely (ex: North Africa…elongated labia majora)
  3. a bad complexion = unattractive
26
Q

Gender roles in cross cultural perspective?

A
  • reversal: the rape of men by women in the trobriand islands
27
Q

There are also __1__., __2__, __3__, __4__differences in cross cultural perspective?

A

Education/Economic Class/Racial

28
Q

Cross Species Perspective?

1. Sexual behaviour in other mammals is generally under what?(4)

A
  • far more hormonal making nightmares
  • masturbation, mouth genital stimulation, and homosexual behaviour can be seen across all!
  • orgasms apparently occur in some primates
  • bonobos are small apes resampling chimpanzees, engaging non reproductive sex.
29
Q

Non Sexual Uses of Sexual Behaviour?

  1. Agression (2)
  2. ???
A
  1. swearing and gestures
    L> some forms of rape
  2. use by adolescents for peer approval or as a form of rebellion / hostility

Human Sexuality (15 decks)

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