Chapter 1: Text extras Flashcards
Aristotle could not determine whether the father , the mother or both contributed to the formation of the fetus. He incorrectly assumed what?
- males were the only contribution.
- females merely only sustained the growth of the fetus
Aristotle distinguished that there were two classifications by which organisms could reproduce.
- asexual and sexual
What did John Ham do?
- examined semen under a primitive microscope (from a man with nocturnal emissions)….he noticed that semen was swarming with spermatozoa
Nicholas Hart suggested what about spermatozoa?
- they contained tiny preformed humans (homunculi)
William harvey discovered what?
- ovum
Herman fol was the first to?
- observe entry of a spermatozoon into an ovum
St. Augustine and sexual ethics…go
- all sexual behaviour was sinful because ot was driven by passion rather than by will…..
St. Thomas Aquins ?
- established that procreative sex within marriage was part of gods design. all other forms were forbidden by ecclesiastical law.
During the enlightenment period…..Jeremy Bentham argued what?
-morality should be based on the greatest happiness to the greatest number…..sex between men should be legal because it brought happiness to both participants and harmed no one else.
Mary Wollstonecraft argued what?
- woman had the right to sexual pleasure
The Victorian period was what?
- renewal of sexual repression
Alfred Kinsey did what?
- large sex surveys…..finding high prevalence of stigmatized or illegal sexual behaviours
L> 14% women have orgasms
L> he helped make sexual behaviour an appropriate topic for objectives.
William Masters and his wife Virginia Johnson did what?
- recruited volunteers to engage in sexual behaviour ( solitary, heterosexual and homosexual) in the lab
L> used recording instruments to examine physiological changes during sexual pleasure etc not just observation research
William Masters and his wife Virginia Johnson aside from studying general sexual activity they also studied what?
- people that suffered from sexual disorders.
William Masters and his wife Virginia Johnson were very sex _____ but this attitude did not extend to what?
- sex positive
- homosexuality
What is the foundation of a matrilineal society>
- that only the mother contributed to the making of the fetus.
L> kinship and descent were reckoned only though the female line
Give the details on Margaret Sanger!
- campaigned heavily on the rights for women to learn about and use contraceptives.
What was the second wave of feminism activity based on?
- women’s entitlement to know about their own bodies , to seek sexual pleasure , to terminate a prey and to be free from sexual assault and harassment
What the dominant belief of the feminism movement in the 1970’s for the differences among the sexes?
- it was established via learning and culture…that boys were SOCIALIZED to be sexually aggressive whereas girls were SOCIALIZED to be sexually submissive.
What did Margaret Mead do?
- that it was a point of pride for samoan girls to have many sexual partners.
L> liberal attitudes toward sexuality from Polynesia helped open up americas eyes
Chicana Lesbian Gloria Anzaldua?
- third wave feminism which now concerns itself with sexual freedom…etc
(feminism)
Germaine Greer dismissed what?
- biological factors contributing to gender differences.
Carol Gilligan ? (feminism)
-emphasized that men and women were fundamentally different. That even women were superior to men in respects such as being more caring.
L> either via how they were biologically given or by how society judged the importance of male and female reproductive importance.
Camilla Paglia ?? (feminism)
socialization is the reason women can walk the streets with some expectation of safety not the reason why men commit rape.
What id Adolf Butenadt and Yugoslav born Leopold Ruzicka identify??
- synthesis of sex hormones …..this paved the way for the making of the pill (oral contraceptive)
When did “the pill “ come out?
1970
Robert Edwards led to the discovery of what?
- vitro fertilization
In 1998 what drug was introduced for the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
- Sildenafil (viagra)
A region of the brain concerned with spatial skills end up thicker in males/females? whereas the opposite is seen in a region involved in impulse control which was better in males/females?
- males
- females
A single gene was discovered to regulate what?
- the brains sensitivity to testosterone which causes the brains of teenagers to develop in ways that are more typical or atypical of their sex.
What is the most significant branch of psychology in studying human sexuality.
- social psychology
-
Describe what was found in the experiment done at Liverpools University via an evolutionary psychologists perspective.
- when men were in the presence of women they were more likely to cross the road in riskier ways than the absence of women or increase in male presence.
- women however were not affected either way for the presence of either sex.
Cultural psychologists deal with what ? Research is done where?
- influence of ethics and cultural diversity on thought, be
Catholic doctrine remains opposed to what
nomarital sex, homo, and most contraception
Evangelical teens get little what
- instruction in contraception
