Personality: Erikson, Kohlberg, Freud, Vgotsky

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

how someone acta and reacts

Question 2

2 major people in psychoanalysis

Answer 2

sigmund freud
carl jung

Question 3

psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 3

actions and thoughts and emtotions are created in the unconscious

analyze dreams
analyze free word associations

what needs are unmet?

Question 4

id vs ego vs supergo

Answer 4

Remember, the id is the impulsive part of your personality that is driven by pleasure and repulsed by pain, the superego is the judgmental and morally correct part of your personality, and the ego is the conscious part of your personality that mediates between the id and the superego and makes decisions.

Question 5

Abraham Maslow levels of needs

Answer 5

Question 6

what did george kelly think?

Answer 6

Question 7

what did kurt lewin think?

Answer 7

Question 8

what did carl rogers think?

Answer 8

Question 9

trait perspective

Answer 9

focused on describing individual personalities as the sum of characteristic behaviors

focuses onpatterns of people thoughts and behavior to see what it stable

Question 10

what did Sybil and Hans Eysenk do?

Answer 10

PEN model through factor analysis
Psychoticism - agressive, tough minded
Extraversion - outgoing
Neuroticism - proneness to depression and anxiety

**MODERN expanded to **
Openness
Agreeableness - how trusting and moral

ditch for Psychoticismonscientiiousness

The BIG 5 Traits: OCEAN

Question 11

what is gordon allport famous for?

Answer 11

cardinal traits - dominate personality
central traits - main traits of personality
secondary traits - vary depending on circumstances due to attitudes and preferences

Question 12

contrast personality perspectives: psychoanalysis, trait behaviorists, behaviorism and social cognitive perspective

Answer 12

psychoanalysis - you are your unconscious
trait behaviorists - you are your thought and behaviors
(behaviorism - personality is a reflection of behaviors reinforced over time)
behaviorism and social cognitive perspective - environment determines how you act

Question 13

behaviorist perspective and example of proponent

Answer 13

personality is a reflection of behaviorist that have been reinforced over time

BF Skinner

behaviors can be learned and unlearned

Question 14

social cognitive perspective and example of proponent

Answer 14

attitudes are formed through observation of behavior, cognition and environment

albert bandura
personal factors (cog, aff, bio), environmental factors, behaviors all interact with eachother

Question 15

locus of control

Answer 15

degree to which you or somehting else has control over your life

internal and external locus of control

Question 16

biological perspective

Answer 16

personality can be explained by biology of your brain

neurotransmitters

Question 17

humanistic perspective

Answer 17

personality is result of our conscious feelings as we attempt to attain our needs and goals

Question 18

type personality

Answer 18

people tend to be compeitive and compulsive or laid back and relaxed

Question 19

trait perspective states

Answer 19

personality as sum of persons characteristic behaviors

not applicable to sensitivity training

Question 20

sensitivity training to look past differences uses what theory of personality

Answer 20

humanistic

Question 21

what is reciprocal determinism

Answer 21

idea that actions are determined by interaction between our thoughts, feelings, behaviors and environment

albert bandura

Question 22

arousal motivation

Answer 22

people perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal. if at suboptimal arousal they are motivated to raise arousal and if opposite to lower

seeking excitement after day of work increases arousal

Question 23

culture based motivation

Answer 23

people perform actions due to cultural norms

Question 24

drive reduction theory

Answer 24

motivation is based on eliminating uncomfortable states such as hunger

after a long nap, child cries out to mother for food

Question 25

incentive theory of motivation

Answer 25

people enage in behaviors for rewards or avoiding punishment

Question 26

low ball technique

Answer 26

after getting an inital commitment, cost of commitment is raised

after agreeing to attend montly meeting the manager informs employee thet must make a report for each meeting

Question 27

thats not all technique

Answer 27

an individual is made an offer then is told the offer is even better than they were initially told

after being told they would be paid double if they worked an extra shift, an employee is told they will also get free food

Question 28

impairment in at least two of following areas for personality disorder

Answer 28

cognition, impulse control, interpersonal relations

Question 29

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which is not a somatoform disorder?

conversion disorder
illness anxiety disorder
hypochondria
panic

Answer 29

panic

conversion

Question 30

locus of control

Answer 30

how we percieve our control of certain situations, and is unrelated to the organization of identities

Question 31

theory of mind

Answer 31

ability to see from someone elses perspective, unrelated to identities

Question 32

which is an example of Kohlberg’s preconventional stage of moral development?

• child cleans room out of fear of not being able to watch TV
• a teenager picks up his trash rather than littering becuase everyone else did it, and he knows littering is wrong
• a man chooses not to obey a law that results in a minority group being mistreated
• a student believes that she can finish all of her homework in 2 hours but it actually takes her 2 days to complete

Answer 32

kohlberg - as we age, the way we think about nuanced things affects moral dilemmas

preconventional make decisions based on self interest, for reward, fear of punishment

(A) child is afriad he will not watch TV

Question 33

what age is associated with Freud’s oral stage?

Answer 33

0-1

Question 34

what concept was developed by Vygotsky and refers to skills and abilities that are still being developed?

Answer 34

zone of proximal development

Question 35

which of the following is an example of the individual in Erikson’s identity vs role confusion stage of development?

a. a baby learns to feel safe with his parents and grandparents
b. a toddler is being trained and feels more in control of her body
c. an adolescent decides he wants to be a doctor when he grows up
d. a woman reflects on her life and feels content

Answer 35

c. an adolescent decides he wants to be a doctor when he grows up

(adolescenes: who am I in the world of people and things?)

Question 36

what stage of Erik Erikson is this
a baby learns to feel safe with parents and grandparents

Answer 36

trust vs mistrust

Question 37

what stage of Erik Erikson is this
a toddler is being potty trained and feels more in control of her body

Answer 37

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 38

what stage of Erik Erikson is this
a woman reflects on her life and feels content

Answer 38

integrity and despair stage

Question 39

What are erik eriksons stages of identity development

Answer 39