HYS - CH5.1, 8.3 - Motivation and Attitudes

Question 1

factors influencing motivation

Answer 1

**instinct **- driven to behaviors based on evolutionarily preprogrammed instincts
arousal - arousal required in order to preform actions optimally (any kind of tension ex fight flight freeze, promise)

want to return to homestasis
drive - biological - urge to carry out behavior to serve biolgical need

(hunger, sex satisf, reprod, av death)
needs - a reason to act towards a goal that provides direction and purpose towards a behavior. psych or physical
(Maslow hiearchy of needs)

Question 2

(Maslow hiearchy of needs)

Answer 2

previous idea: people start at bottom and go up

WRONG any and all needs can be addressed at same time

Question 3

attitude

Answer 3

expression of positive or negative feeling towards a person place thing or scenario

Question 4

Kinds of attitudes

Answer 4

an affective component (feelings, emotional)

a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior) grounded by action towards the attitude object. Some of these may include screaming at the sight of a particular insect or rodent, or a habitual behavior such as nausea before giving a presentation with a large audience.

cognitive component (belief and knowledge).

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object.

Question 5

social cognitive theory

Answer 5

people observe behavior of others and copy not through their own

Question 6

foot in the door

Answer 6

agree to small request to agree to large request

Question 7

role playing behaviors

Answer 7

learned behavior that people adopt as their own

Question 8

insufficient justification

Answer 8

social situations cause behaviors but is not recognized as the cause

Question 9

overjustification

Answer 9

view behavior as caused by situation rather than own interest

Question 10

cognitive dissonance and solutions

Answer 10

discomfort when we behave in ways we see as inconsistent

1. change behavior
2. reduce dissonant cognitions (ignore)
3. new constant cognitions (lie)

Question 11

which are involved in knee jerk reflex arc?

afferent, efferent, interneurons, the brain

Answer 11

afferent, efferent, interneurons

Afferent neurons are sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain,

efferent neurons are motor neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous systme and towards muscles to cause movement

NOT the brain

Question 12

which NT are inhibitory

Answer 12

GABA and glycine

Question 13

is serotonin inhibitory or excitatory?

Answer 13

depends

Question 14

major excitatory NT in brain

Answer 14

glutamate

Question 15

which of following is not a result of activation of sympathetic nervous system?

decreased skin conductance, dilation of pupils, increased heart rate, increase blood glucose concentration

Answer 15

decreased skin conductance

we want more blood under it

Question 16

what type of family study helps distinquish between genetic and environmental effects on behavior?

Answer 16

family studies - similar genetics and environment
adoption- diff genetics, same environment
twins - same genetics, diff environmeents or mixed