HYS - CH5: Motivation, Emotion, Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

universal emotions

A

surprise, fear, contempt, disgust, anger, happiness, sadness

same way across all cultures

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2
Q

James Lange Theory of emotions

A

you see a bear

detect a bear in brain activates sympathetic
(not consciouly afraid)

heard pounds

then conscious fear

physiological changes spark psychological ones (emotion starts in your body)

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3
Q

Walter Cannon and Bard theory of emotions

A

problem with james lange: heart pounding could mean, fear, love, jogging when same set of changes are associated with many emotions or none

conscious expierence and physiological changes are seperate and simoltaneous events

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4
Q

who came up with fight or flight

A

Cannon

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5
Q

thalamus

A

relays to cortex for thinking
relays to the body for physiological changes

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6
Q

thalamus is a part of what system

A

limbic system

thalamus communicates physiolgical changes to upper cortex

amygdala - fear, anger, agression
septal nuclei - dopaminergic reward
hippocampus - memory

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7
Q

Schacter Singer theory or emotion - cognitive appraisal

A

environmental cues to help assign emotional states

butterflies - excited when seeing a crush
butterflies - nervous about a test

this allows for unconscious labling of physiological state so multiple physiological changes can be differently pyschologicall labeled

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8
Q

which theory of emotion is most commonly accepted

A

schacter-singer: cognitive appraisal is used to distinquish between emotional states

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9
Q

which theory is associated with thalamus?

A

cannon-bard

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10
Q

eustress and distress

A

distress - neg
eustress - pos

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11
Q

cognitive appraisal has 2 stages (primary and secondary appraisal):

primary appraisal

A

determines if situation is of concern: benign or threat
based on past history/thoughts and feelings

is the event stressful?

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12
Q

secondary appraisal

A
  • did the event cause harm
  • can it be overcome
  • will it cause future harm
    chooses a course of action
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13
Q

external and internal events in stress response

A

external - bear
internal - primary and secondary appraisal events

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14
Q

types of stressed

A

inclement weather, hot, cold, loud sounds, noises

challenges with time, social pressure, peer pressure, expectations, sleep, diet, alcohol, drug use, allergies, conditions

emotional responses, controls, internal expectations

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15
Q

stages of stress response

A

alarm - bear occurence first time
resistance - bear comes again
exhaustion - chronic stress as bear is always around them

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16
Q

alarm response hormone pathways in acute response pathways of the general adaptation syndrome

A

hypothalamus (control system)
–> adrenal glands
–> epinephrine and norepinephrine

hypothalamus
–> CRH acts on pituitary gland
–> pit gland releases adrenocorticotrophin hromne (Acth) which stim adrenal glands
–> adrenal glands release cortisol

17
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

increase heart and resp, stim glycogen breakdown, releases sugar in bloodstream, directs blood flow to heart, lungs, brain muscles

18
Q

cortisol

A

raises blood sugar, amino acids, fatty acids, decreases inflammation

happens slower

prepares for physical activity

19
Q

is pain a universal facial expression

A

no

20
Q

what happens to blood flow and skin temperature in stress response

A

blood flow to skin decreases as blood is directed to other muscles and other organs in the fight or flight response

decrease in skin temperature

21
Q

reappraisal

A

contant reevaluation of an ongoing stressful situation

22
Q

what part of appraisal invovles if a stressful event can result in future benefit

A

secondary – evaluating challenge and if it can be overcome or beneficical

NOT primary– is the event stressful?

23
Q

hormones in general adaptation syndrome created by Hans Selye?

A

cortisol (adrenal cortex stimulated to secrete this)

ACTH (hypo–> pit–> acth)

epinephrine and norephinephrine (hypothalamus –> adrenal)

24
Q

what determines if a stressor will result in eustress or distress?

A

if person expierencing stressor percieves it as pos or neg

25
Q

which are involved in storage and ret of memories?

amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, prefrontal cortex

A

amygdala - associating emotion in implicit memories
hippocampus - LTM, emotional memories
prefrontal cortex - reg, creating and retrieving

NOT thalamus - sensory station for emotional processing but not for ret and storage of memories

26
Q

person expierencing anger would have a decrease in

blood pressure, heart rate variability, skin conductance, skin temp

A

NOT blood pressure, this will increase
NOT skin conductance will increase
NOT skin temp, this will increase in anger (but dec in stress)

heart variability (variation in time between heart beats) will decrease

27
Q

a scientist using cameras to look at people in awkward situations is least likely to observe what

cognitive, behavioral, physiological responses

A

cog is least likley - this is subjectve

behavioral - facial expressions
physiological - heart rt, skin conductance, trembling, blushing

28
Q

difference between James-Lange and Schacter-Singer theories of emotion?

A

JL: stimulus –> physiological response is only aspect required for emotion (conscious expierence of the emotion is secondary)

SS: physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal (situaiton) determine the emotion expierenced

whats same
conscious exp of emotion is after physiological component

whats diff
SS has a cognitive component, JL does not as it only needs physiological arrousal

29
Q

which theories have behavioral, physiological, cognitive components of emotion?

JL, CB, SS

A

CB - behavioral response follows a simoltaneous physiological arrousal and conscious emotion

SS - cognitve appraisal and physiological arrousal
NO BEHAVIORAL RESP

JL - physiological arrousal
NO BEHAVIORAL RESP

30
Q

problem focused coping vs emotionally focused strategy for stress

A

problem focused - working to overcome stressor (asking for help)

emotional focused – taking responsibility or engaging in wishful thinking involves someones feelings, self control, distracting, positive reappraisal to focus on pos outcomes

31
Q

what happens in the exhaustion phase of general adaption syndrome

A

increased susceptibility due to illness

organs deteriorate (heart disease effects)

decreased sympathetic NS (cant maintain elevated activity)

risk of death

NO continous secretion of hormones bc the body cant maintain elevated sympathetic activity

32
Q

is there a continuous secretion of hormones in the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome?

A

NO continous secretion of hormones bc the body cant maintain elevated sympathetic activity

results in decreased sympathetic NS activity

33
Q

compare theories of emotion

A
34
Q

sensory and explicit memory systems in formation and ret of emotional memory– what is emotional memory? What is difference between implicit and explicity memory of emotion?

A

emotional memory - unconsicous implicit memory

Thus, explicit memory of the emotion produces a conscious memory of the experience, and implicit memory determines the expression of past emotions. PTSD EXAMPLE: The explicit memory is the “story” of the event: what happened, where it occurred, who was involved, the fact that the scenario was traumatic, and so forth. The implicit memory corresponds to the sensations of unease and anxiety when put back into a similar environment.

35
Q

what is the general adaptation syndrome?

A

When subjected to stress, the body initially responds via the sympathetic nervous system. The “fight-or-flight” response initiates an increase in heart rate and decrease in digestion, with all available energy being reserved for reacting to the stressful event. The sequence of physiological responses developed by Hans Selye is called the general adaptation syndrome and consists of three distinct stages, as shown in

36
Q

what happens in the resistance phase of general adaption syndrome

A

The next stage is resistance, in which the continuous release of hormones allows the sympathetic nervous system to remain engaged to fight the stressor

37
Q

actue and chronic affects of stress on the body

A
38
Q

general adaptation syndrome across lifetime

A