CH4.3 Consciousness and 4.4 Conscious Altering Drugs Flashcards
alterness
aware, awake, attentive, prepared to act or react
EEG when conscious
beta waves with high frequency
reticular formation
net like collection of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine producing neurons in brain stem that project to prefrontal cortex
NE is also a sympathetic NS hormone
maintain circadian rythms and altertness
loss of signaling from reticular formation to prefrontal cortex can lead to
comatode state
but timed decreases allows you to sleep
frequencies of beta, alpha, theta, and delta waves in EEG
beta 16-31 Hz— alert
alpha 8-15 —
theta 4-7— irregular, start of sleep
alpha ——
delta 0.1-3
stages of sleep and EEG waves
initial theta waves 4-7 Hz which are slower and irregular
stage 1: creates sleep spindles (bundles of frequency)
stage 2: K complexes
stage 3: long slow delta waves, less frequend and lower amplitude
cognitive recovery, memory consolidation, growth hormone release, SWS
stage 4: beta waves, REM, increase in heart rate,
what kinds of memory are consolidated in SWS?
procedural and declarative memory
retina and pineal
retina light increase and decreases stimulates and inhibits the pineal gland to release melatonin
superchiasmatic nucleus
each of a pair of small nuclei in the hypothalamus of the brain, above the optic chiasma, thought to be concerned with the regulation of physiological circadian rhythms.
kinds of conscious altering drugs
depressants - inhibition (GABA), alcohol, barbituants, benzines, benzos
stimulants - increase dopamine and serotonin, anxiety, euphira, cocaine, amphetamines increase heart rate, appepite
opiates - endorphins, pain relief, morphine, heroin
hallucoinogens - serotinin pathways, reality distortion, sensation changes, LSD, ketamine
opioid types
natural (morphine, codeine)
semisynthetic (oxycodone, hydrocone, heroine)
methadone
long acting opiod with lower risk of overdose works with a competitive inhibition affect
LSD mechanisms
serotonin pathways?
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can act on
cannabinoid receptors
glycine receptors
opiod receptors
inhibits GABA
decreases dopamine