Biology and Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Name what these people contributed to neuropsychology

Franz Gall, Pierre Flourens,William James, John Dewey

A

Franz Gall - Phrenology - behavior, intellect, personality related to brain size

Pierre Flourens - extirpation (ablation) of rabbit and pigeon brain sections to observe behavior related

William James - how mind adapts to environment using functionalism, how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment

John Dewey - critized concept of reflex arc which breaks down stimulus reaction into parts. Psychology should focus on organism as a whole as it functioned to adapt to the environment

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2
Q

Name what these people contributed to neuropsychology

Paul Broca, Hermann von Helmholtz, Sir charles sherrington

A

Paul Broca - behavioral deficits of people with brain damage, specific impairments linked with brain lesions. Brocas area, ability to speak

Herman von Helmholtz - measured speed of nerve impulse compared to reaction time, relating nervous system (physiology) and behavior (psychology), transition of psychology as science instead of philosphy

Sir Charles Sherrington - inferred the existence of synapses, he thought it was electrical but we know its primarily chemica

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3
Q

3 kinds of neurons

A

sensory (afferent) transmit info from receptors to spinal cord and brain (to CNS)

motor (efferent) transmit info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands (away from CNS)

interneurons found between other neurons and are most common often linked to reflexive behavior

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4
Q

2 branches of nervous system

A

parasympathetic (decc ht rt and increases digestion, resting, sleep, increase exocrine secretions,

sympathetic (accelerates heart rate, inhibits digestion)

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5
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

activated by stress, increase heart rate, redistribute blood to muscles of locomotion, increase blood glucose, relax bronchi, decreases digestion and peristalsis, dilates the eye to maximize light, releases ephinephrine into blood

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6
Q

major components of brain

A

forebrain: cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus

hindbrain: pons, medulla oblongata (medulla), cerebellum

brainstem: hindbrain and midbrain

limbic system: group of structures associated with learning and emotion

corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, pituitary gland, midbrain, brainstem, sprinal cord

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7
Q

what are the layers of the brain

A

3 layers of connective tissue called meninges

dura mater - outer layer connected directly to skull

arachnoid mater - middle fibrous layer with weblike structures

pia mater - connected directly to the brain

the meninges reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid and anchor the brain in the skull

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8
Q

What did Pierre flourens do for neuropsychology?

A

Pierre Flourens - extirpation (ablation) of rabbit and pigeon brain sections to observe behavior related

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9
Q

What did William James do for neuropsychology?

A

William James - how mind adapts to environment using functionalism, how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment

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10
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

A

cerebrospinal fluid - aqeous solution nourishing brain and spinal cord as a cushion

produced by ventricle cells (internal cavities) of the brain

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11
Q

neurotransmitters have what types

A

amino acids
fatty acid derivatives

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12
Q

fight or flight respons hormones

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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13
Q

epinephrine vs norepinephrine

A
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14
Q

Acetylcholine

A

cholinergic signaling
used in learning and memory

impaired signaling causes delerium

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15
Q

GABA

A

major inhibitory NT
benzodiazapines are alcohols which calm

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16
Q

serotonin

A

mood, appetite

low serotonin in depression

17
Q

endorphins

A

natural opiods

18
Q

dopamine

A

reward, pleasure

19
Q

temperament

A

demeanor, mood, energy level, emotional responsiveness

20
Q

biological determinism

A

Biological determinism, also known as genetic determinism, is the belief that human behaviour is directly controlled by an individual’s genes or some component of their physiology, generally at the expense of the role of the environment, whether in embryonic development or in learning

21
Q

instincts

A

behaviors inherent to a species

22
Q

fixed action patterns

A

stimulus leads to a specific set of behaviors

23
Q

candidate gene approach

A

focuses on specific genes of interest to study genetic variation

24
Q

genome wide associaiton studies

A

scans whole genome

25
Q
A