Biology and Behavior Flashcards
Name what these people contributed to neuropsychology
Franz Gall, Pierre Flourens,William James, John Dewey
Franz Gall - Phrenology - behavior, intellect, personality related to brain size
Pierre Flourens - extirpation (ablation) of rabbit and pigeon brain sections to observe behavior related
William James - how mind adapts to environment using functionalism, how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment
John Dewey - critized concept of reflex arc which breaks down stimulus reaction into parts. Psychology should focus on organism as a whole as it functioned to adapt to the environment
Name what these people contributed to neuropsychology
Paul Broca, Hermann von Helmholtz, Sir charles sherrington
Paul Broca - behavioral deficits of people with brain damage, specific impairments linked with brain lesions. Brocas area, ability to speak
Herman von Helmholtz - measured speed of nerve impulse compared to reaction time, relating nervous system (physiology) and behavior (psychology), transition of psychology as science instead of philosphy
Sir Charles Sherrington - inferred the existence of synapses, he thought it was electrical but we know its primarily chemica
3 kinds of neurons
sensory (afferent) transmit info from receptors to spinal cord and brain (to CNS)
motor (efferent) transmit info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands (away from CNS)
interneurons found between other neurons and are most common often linked to reflexive behavior
2 branches of nervous system
parasympathetic (decc ht rt and increases digestion, resting, sleep, increase exocrine secretions,
sympathetic (accelerates heart rate, inhibits digestion)
sympathetic nervous system
activated by stress, increase heart rate, redistribute blood to muscles of locomotion, increase blood glucose, relax bronchi, decreases digestion and peristalsis, dilates the eye to maximize light, releases ephinephrine into blood
major components of brain
forebrain: cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
hindbrain: pons, medulla oblongata (medulla), cerebellum
brainstem: hindbrain and midbrain
limbic system: group of structures associated with learning and emotion
corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, pituitary gland, midbrain, brainstem, sprinal cord
what are the layers of the brain
3 layers of connective tissue called meninges
dura mater - outer layer connected directly to skull
arachnoid mater - middle fibrous layer with weblike structures
pia mater - connected directly to the brain
the meninges reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid and anchor the brain in the skull
What did Pierre flourens do for neuropsychology?
Pierre Flourens - extirpation (ablation) of rabbit and pigeon brain sections to observe behavior related
What did William James do for neuropsychology?
William James - how mind adapts to environment using functionalism, how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
cerebrospinal fluid - aqeous solution nourishing brain and spinal cord as a cushion
produced by ventricle cells (internal cavities) of the brain
neurotransmitters have what types
amino acids
fatty acid derivatives
fight or flight respons hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine
epinephrine vs norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
cholinergic signaling
used in learning and memory
impaired signaling causes delerium
GABA
major inhibitory NT
benzodiazapines are alcohols which calm