Formation of Identity and Self Concept Flashcards
CH6.1 and 6.2
Freuds ideas: what is libidinal energy and how does he define child development? What is fixation
not scientific, idea and then work backwards to find evidence
childs development is psychosexual
**libininal energy **- sex drive from birth
identity development seeks to reduce sexual tension
fixation - exaggerated or unresolved conflict
leads to anxiety and neg personality
nerosis - mental disorder resulting from fixation
4 theories of identity development
how many stages for Freud?
5 stages
1. oral - birth to 1 year, erogenous zone is the mouth reduces libindal tension, high level of dependency might occur
2. anal - 1 to 3, gratification of removing waste
3. phallic - 3-6, uconscious attraction to opposite sex parent
* oedepus and electrus
4. latency - 6 to puberty, labidinal energy is redirected to hobbies
5. genital - puberty to adulthood, heterosexual relationships if no conflic
ORALG
if unresolved conflict occurs in any one of them, fixation occurs
neroses specific to that stage
Lev Vygotsky and social environment theory
way social environment shapes how children learn new things
zone of proximal development - gap of what kids can do alone and by themselves
the more knowledgeable other (parent, peer)
having someone arround helps learning
Erik Erikson and how identity develops over lifetime
how identity develops over lifetime
conflicts that need to be resolved, not sexual, due to needs and social pressures
emotional development and social environment are important
negative outcome is not fixation
you still move on
infancy: hope? trust? if positive, we trust, if not we are suspicious
1-3: is it ok to be me? autonomy vs shame and doubt, we can feel we have choices or doubt and lack of control
3-6: purpose? can i do move and act?, we can have purpose and initate activities or place restricitons on ourselves, showing off
6-12: industry vs inferiority stage? can i make it in the world of people and things?
12-: idenitity vs role confusion? who am i? who can I be, ongoing loyalties, changing oersonakity
18young adult: can i love? intimacy or isolation? avoid commitment. or loyalties
middle age - generativity vs stagnation, can i make my life count? self centered ?
aging - is it ok to have been me? integrity and despair, life is meaningful, bitterness, fear death
morality development and lawrence kohlberg. How many stages does he have?
as we develop we consider morality more complexely
Heinz dilemna - cure for wife is too expensive. Can he steal the drug to save her life? is it moral?
divided moral reasoning in 6 phases
Kohlberg moral reasoning stages
- preconvential (young)- avoiding consequences
- hedonism - gaining reward, interactions with others
- conformity - social rules
- law and order - action is right or wrong, fixed rules
- social contract - we live together in a society
- universal ethics - principles and reasoning
level 1- #1,2, preconventional <6
level 2 - #3,4, conventional 7-11
level 3 - #5,6 postconvential 11+
self concept and self schema
ideas we have about who we are
self concept quilt
Self-concept refers to the overall perception of oneself, which combines one’s self-schemas and includes beliefs, opinions, and attitudes
reference group
A reference group theory of self-concept, for example, assumes that individuals compare their economic, intellectual, social, and cultural achievements to those attained by members of their reference group.
social identity theory
membership of a group can become more important than individual identity
different types of identities
race, age, sex, birthplace
can take on some or all at once
religion, gender identity
gender identity
how masculine or feminine someone feels
race vs ethnicity vs national
ethnicity - consciously adopted
race- physical
national - gov, ideas
hi
hiearchy of salience
theory of identity organization that says we let situations dictate which identity holds the most importance at any given moment
identity allegiances consistently shift
