Personality Disorders Flashcards
what personality disorders are in cluster A?
‘odd or eccentric’
* paranoid
* schizoid
* schizotypal
what personality disorders are in cluster B?
‘dramatic, emotional, or erratic’
* antisocial
* borderline (emotionally unstable)
* histrionic
* narcissistic
what personality disorders are in cluster C?
‘anxious and fearful’
* obsessive-compulsive
* avoidant
* dependent
describe paranoid personality disorder
- hypersensitivity and an unforgiving attitude when insulted
- unwarrented tendency to question the loyalty of friends
- reluctance to confide in others
- preoccupation with conspirational beliefs and hidden meaning
- unwarrented tendency to perceive attacks on their character
e.g. kanye west
describe schizoid personality disorder
- indifference to praise and criticism
- perference for solitary activities
- lack of interest in sexual interactions
- lack of desire for companionship
- emtional coldness
- few interests
- few friends or confidants other than family
e.g. squidward
describe schizotypal personality disorder
- ideas of reference (differe from delusions in that some insight is retained)
- odd beliefs and magical thinking
- unusual perceptual disturbances
- paranoid ideation and suspiciousness
- odd, eccentric behaviour
- lack of close friends
- inappropriate affect
- odd speech without being incoherent
e.g. willy wonka
describe antisocial personality disorder
- failure to confirm to social norms
- more common in men
- deception
- impulsiveness or failure to plan ahead
- irritability and aggressiveness
- reckless disregard for the safety of self or others
- consistent irresponsibility
- lack of remorse
e.g. grinch (pre-heart growth)
describe borderline or emotionally unstable personality disorder
- efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- unstable interpersonal relationships which alternate between idealisation and devaluation
- unstable self image
- impulsivity in potentially self damaging area (e.g. spending, sex, substance abuse)
- recurrent suicidal behaviour
- affective instability
- chronic feelings of emptiness
- difficulty controlling temper
- quasi psychotic thoughts
e.g. hulk
describe histrionic personality disorder
- inappropriate sexual seductiveness
- need to be the centre of attention
- rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions
- suggestibility
- physical appearance used for attention seeking purposes
- impressionistic speech lacking detail
- self-dramatization
- relationships considered to be more intimate than they are
e.g. derek zoolander
describe narcissistic personality disorder
- grandiose sense of self importance
- preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power or beauty
- sense of entitlement
- taking advantage of others to achieve own needs
- lack of empathy
- excessive need for admiration
- chronic envy
- arrogant and haught attitude
e.g. house
describe obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
- occupied with details, rules, lists, order, organisation, or agenda to the point that the key part of the activity is gone
- demonstrates perfectionism
- extremely dedicated to work and efficiency to the elimination of spare time activities
- meticulous, sccrupulous, and rigid about etiquettes of morality, ethics or values
- not capable of disposing worn out or insignificant things even when they have no sentimental meaning
- **unwilling to pass on tasks **or work with others
- take on a stingy spending style towards self and others
e.g. steve jobs
describe avoidant personality disorder
- avoidance of occupational activities which invovle significant interpersonal contact due to fears of criticism, or rejection
- unwillingness to be involved unless certain of being liked
- preoccupied with ideas that they are being criticised or rejected in social situations
- restraint in intimate relationships due to the fear of being ridiculed
- reluctance to take personal risks due to fears of embarrassment
- views self as inept and inferior to others
- social insolation accompanied by a craving for social contact
e.g. charlie brown
describe dependent personality disorder
- difficulty making everyday decisions without excessive reassurance from others
- need for others to assume responsibility for major areas of their life
- difficulty in expressing disagreement with others due to fears of losing support
- lack of initiative
- unrealistic fears of being left to care for themselves
- urgent search for another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends
- extensive efforts to obtain support from others
- unrealistic feelings that they cannot care for themselves
what psychological therapy has been shown to help in personality disorders?
dialectical behaviour therapy
