Personality Disorders Flashcards
Prevalence of paranoid personality disorder
2-4% of the gen pop according to K&S
The incidence of paranoid pd is higher in relatives of ppl with which disorder?
Schizophrenia (K&S)
A characteristic defence mechanism in paranoid pd
Projection
Prevalence of schizotypal PD
3% K&S
Schizotypal PD is frequently diagnosed in females with which condition?
Fragile X syndrome
Defence mechanism associated with borderline PD according to Otto Kernberg
Projective identification
Key feature of avoidant personality disorder
Extreme sensitivity to rejection
Chronic illness in childhood can predispose to which PD according to K&S
Dependent
Heritable personality traits (4)
- Harm avoidance
- Novelty seeking
- Reward dependence
- Persistence
A personality trait identified as an independent risk factor for somatic symptoms
Neuroticism
According to the APA guidelines for psychotherapy for borderline PD therapy should be brief T/F
F
According to the APA guidelines for psychotherapy for borderline PD therapy the therapist should be active and directive rather than passive T/F
T
According to the APA guidelines for psychotherapy for borderline PD therapy the patient and therapist mutually develop a hierarchy of priorities T/F
T
According to the APA guidelines for psychotherapy for borderline PD therapy limit setting should be avoided T/F
F it should be mutually agreed upon and used
According to the APA guidelines for psychotherapy for borderline PD therapy the therapist should avoid trying to get the patient to control their behaviour
F, the therapist should convey empathic validation plus the need for the pt to control their behaviour
Smooth pursuit eye movements may be saccadic in introverted people T/F
T according to K&S, also in schizotypal pd
People who are impulsive often show high levels of testosterone T/F
T (K&S), also 17-estradiol and estrone may be elevated
5-HIAA levels have been noted to be high in suicide attempters T/F
F- low, also low in impulsive & aggressive people
Slow wave activity on EEG is sometimes seen in borderline or antisocial PD T/F
T
People with strong novelty seeking traits tend to be impulsive T/F
T
People with strong harm avoidant traits tend to be outgoing T/F
F, shy
Ppl with strong reward dependent traits are more likely to be affectionate T/F
T
People with strong novelty seeking traits tend to be irritable T/F
T
Low platelet monoamine oxidase levels have been observed in ppl with schizotypal PD T/F
T
Borderline PD is associated with an increased risk of premature death T/F
T
Antisocial PD is associated with an increased risk of somatization disorder T/F
T! According to K&S. Also increased risk of anxiety disorders, MDD, & all the other PDs
Impairments in paranoid PD are typically minor T/F
T
Pts with narcissistic PD do not benefit from psychoanalytic approach T/F
F it may help, as advocated by Heinz Kohut, but treatment is difficult
The four heritable personality traits are observable early in life and stable across the lifespan T/F
T
Who said lack of anxiety tolerance is a central feature of borderline PD?
Otto Kernberg. He also said there are blurred boundaries between self and other & that object relations often alternate between all good and all bad and that defence mechanisms are primitive, centering on splitting and identity disturbance
Defence mechanisms may sometimes be conscious processes T/F
F
Seductive behaviour is associated with which PD?
Histrionic
Extreme sensitivity to criticism is associated with which PD?
Narcissistic
Magical thinking is associated with which PD?
Schizotypal
Borderline PD is five times more common in relatives of probands with the disorder than the gen pop T/F
T
Borderline PD is associated with increased familial risk of antisocial PD T/F
T
Which defence mechanism is characteristic of the orderly controlled person (obsessive compulsive PD)?
Isolation
Personality disorders cannot be diagnosed in children T/F
F. Except antisocial PD which has to be over the age of 18, it is the only exception
Novelty seeking trait is associated with which emotion?
Anger
Harm avoidance as a trait is assoc with which emotion?
Fear
Kohut’s three narcissistic personality types
mirror-hungry, ideal-hungry and twinship hungry
Which types of PD tend to endure into old age?
Schizotypal and OCPD tend to endure
According to Linehan what is the order of priorities in treating borderline pd?
- suicidal and parasuicidal behavior
- patient behavior that interferes with treatment
- therapist behavior that interferes with treatment
- other patient behaviors that interfere with quality of life
