Child & Adolescent Flashcards
Peak severity of tic disorders
10-12 years
Long face, large ears, flat midface, high, arched palate, short stature, macro-orchidism, mitral valve prolapse, joint laxity, strabismus - name the disorder
Fragile X
FMR1 trinucleotide repeat expansion
X-linked with anticipation
The insecure-avoidant attachment child does what when mother returns? #Ainsworth
Doesn’t cry when she leaves and ignores her when she gets back
What does the insecure-ambivalent child do when mum comes back in the room? #Ainsworth
Takes a long time to settle, both approaches and resists mother
Not crying when mum leaves room is suggestive of attachment disorder T/F #Ainsworth
F, securely attached kids don’t always cry
diGeorge syndrome is associated with platelet dysfunction T/F
T
12% have thrombocytopenia
Short, obese, early onset dementia, hypogonadism, hyperphagia, maybe ASD
Prader-Willi It's sporadic c15 25% early dementia 25% ASD
Intellectual disability is a risk factor for tardive dyskinesia T/F
T
Percentage of people with intellectual disability in institutionalised populations who have epilepsy
30-40% apparently
Webbed neck, ovarian failure, cubitus valgus, short, aortic valve abnormalities, normal IQ
Turners
What ages developmentally- hopping and skipping
Hopping at 4, skipping at 5
What did Harlow’s monkeys struggle to be able to do in adulthood?
Mate, and the female monkeys couldn’t rear their young
What is mean age of first word?
11 months
A child should be able to run well by what age?
Two years
Jumping at what age?
Three years
Riding a bicycle at what age?
Six years
When is Piaget’s concrete operational stage?
Six onwards
What is the name of the stages children are in between two and seven years according to Piaget?
Preoperational—
No logic, use of symbols, development of language and make-believe
Which Piagetan stage is characterised by abstract thought and reasoning and when is it possible to enter it?
Formal operational, after the age of 11 years
What did Erik Erikson say characterises the normative task of adolescence?
Identity vs role confusion
The core features of ASD in DSM V
- Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests & activities
—Language has been removed
Around 50% of Tourette’s patients are co-morbid with what?
ADHD, and 40% OCD
You need at least one of these types of tic for a diagnosis of Tourette’s
Vocal
The two types of behavioural intervention that are first line treatments for Tourette’s
- Habit reversal
2. Exposure & response prevention
How old does a child have to be to be diagnosed with pica according to DSM V?
Two years because kids younger than this try to eat everything anyway
What is usually the typical course of pica?
It usually only lasts for a few months and then remits spontaneously
Second line therapies for tics (2)
Risperidone and aripiprazole
Method of inheritance tuberous sclerosis
Autosomal dominant
Children are pre-programmed to form attachments when they are born, according to who?
Bowlby’s attachment theory
According to Bowlby food is a key component of attachment T/F
F care and responsiveness not food
According to Bowlby a child has an innate need to attach to ONE main attachment figure (usually the mother) T/F
T
A child should be able to run around on tip toes by what age?
Five years
At what age should a child be able to copy a cross and a circle?
Three years
At what age should a child be able to alternate their feet walking up the stairs?
Three years
What are Erikson’s stages of human development (8)?
- basic trust vs. mistrust (0 to 1)
- autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1 to 2); toilet training
- initiative vs. guilt (2 to 6)
- industry vs. inferiority (6 to 12); elementary school
- identity vs. role confusion (12 to 18); high school
- intimacy vs. isolation (19 to 40)
- generativity vs. stagnation (40 to 65)
- integrity vs. despair (65 to death)
Which of Piaget’s stages is this? - Abstract symbolic powers begin; learning is by logic; relies on concepts and theories
Concrete Operational (8-11)
The major cause of intellectual disability caused by maternal infection
Rubella
An acquired form of intellectual disability in children with fair hair & blue eyes + mode of inheritance
Phenylketonuria- autosomal recessive
A syndrome associated with intellectual impairment and increase in production of uric acid and hyperuricemia
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Category of intellectual disability of someone with limited spoken language in terms of vocabulary and grammar and who requires support for all activities of daily living
Severe
What is this: a consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour towards adult caregivers manifested by both of the following: 1) the child rarely or minimally seeks comfort when distressed 2) the child rarely or minimally responds to comfort when distressed
Reactive attachment disorder
Social neglect - ie the absence of adequate caregiving during childhood - is a diagnostic requirement for both reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder T/F
T
In reactive attachment disorder the disturbance has to have been apparent before the age of five years T/F
T
In reactive attachment disorder the child has to have attained a developmental age of at least 9 months T/F
T
Reactive attachment disorder is common in children in foster homes or institutions T/F
F it’s uncommon even in these populations. The majority of neglected children do not develop these disorders (DSM V)
What is the disorder: a pattern of behaviour in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults and the child has been neglected
Disinhibited social engagement disorder
For a diagnosis of intellectual disability in DSM V you have to have deficits in intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive functioning and they both have to have arisen in the developmental period T/F
T
Recurrence risk of fragile X syndrome
Up to 50%
Fragile X syndrome is associated with anticipation T/F
T
Prader Willi syndrome is a deletion in the maternal c15 and Angelmans is a deletion in the paternal c15 T/F
T
Motor milestones are affected in expressive language disorder in kids T/F
T
Minimum age for a DSM V diagnosis of enuresis
5
You have to be under what age for a DSM V diagnosis of Tourette’s
18
At which age must childhood disintegrative disorder be diagnosed
10
Age for DSM encopresis
4
Mania in adolescence more likely to be associated with psychotic symptoms T/F
T
Five year recurrence rate in adolescent depression
70% (and it’s 40% at two years
Percentage of adolescents with CD that progress to ASPD
40%
Language disorders are highly heritable T/F
T
Children with insecure attachments demonstrate inhibited pretend play T/F
T
Symptoms have to have appeared before which age for a diagnosis of ADHD?
12
What is the gold standard assessment tool for direct assessment of symptoms in Autism?
The ADOS - autism diagnostic observation scale
It involves a 40 minute semistructured interaction
The ADI is used in research but has a 40-item parent questionnaire offshoot called the SCQ Social Communication Questionnaire
DMDD predicts what at 2 and 20 year F/U?
MDE
DMDD cannot coexist with which other disorders according to DSM 5?
- ODD
- IED
- Bipolar
