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Psychology - year 2 PE > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
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A
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2
Q

What is personality?

A

A unique psychological make-up

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3
Q

What are the personality traits of an extrovert?

A

Outgoing
Tend to prefer team sports
Very confident
Enjoy responsibility
Cope better with arousal
Perform better under pressure

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4
Q

What are the personality traits of an introvert?

A

Reserved
Tend to prefer individual sports
Don’t work well when over-aroused
Prefer activities that accuracy rather than force

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5
Q

What are the three aspects of personality?

A

Trait
Social learning theory
Interactionist perspective

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6
Q

What is the trait theory approach to personality?

A

Believes that individuals are born with innate characteristics called traits, these are determined genetically

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7
Q

Are innate characteristics seen as stable?

A

Yes as they are permanent in differing situations. Behaviour is seen to be consistent

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8
Q

What does the trait theory state about sports performers?

A

That they will behave the same in most situations

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9
Q

What does the trait theory suggest about personality and behaviour?

A

That personality and behaviour can be predicted

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10
Q

Why can behaviour not always be predicted?

A
  • Personalities and behaviour can change with the situation/environment
  • Trait theory does not consider that our personalities can be formed by experience
  • Individuals may consciously decide to structure their own personality
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11
Q

What is the social learning theory approach to personality?

A

Believes we learn our personality/behaviours from other people, especially those we hold in high esteem (significant others, role models)

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12
Q

According to social learning theory, who are we most likely to copy?

A

Those who share similar characteristics: gender, age and ability level

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13
Q

According to SLT, how are personality traits developed?

A

By associating with others (socialisation) and picking up their behaviours that are seen to be reinforced, successful and powerful

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14
Q

What behaviours are most likely to be copied?

A

Behaviours that are consistently shown to us - modelling

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15
Q

With SLT can personality can behaviour be predicted?

A

No, as it changes according to the situation

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16
Q

What does the SLT disregard?

A
  • Disregards the genetical aspect to trait theory and that a person has a natural tendency to show specific behaviours in any given situation
  • Hard to measure the influence of learning/ change of behaviour
  • Some people never change
17
Q

What is the interactionist perspective?

A

Believes behaviours can be influenced by both genetic and environmental influences
It combines the two underlying concepts - trait theory and SLT

18
Q

What does the interactionist approach state about personality/behaviour?

A

The interactionist approach suggests that we can predict personality/behaviour in a specific situation and accounts for behaviour change to suit the situation

19
Q

What are the 2 models within the interactionist perspective?

A

Lewin’s Model (1935) and the Hollander Model (1962)

20
Q

What does Lewin’s Model state?

A

An individual’s personality is produced when both their natural traits and the experiences they have learned combine in a specific situation

21
Q

What is the equation in Lewin’s Model?

A

B = f (P x E)

22
Q

What does the equation in Lewin’s Model mean?

A

Behaviour is a function of Personality x Environment

23
Q

What does Lewin’s Model suggest about a sports performer?

A

A performer will adapt to the situation they find themselves in, even behaving differently to how they would normally

24
Q

How does the interactionist approach help coaches?

A

As they are able to predict how a player will react in a specific situation. This is because innate, consistent traits can be adapted to the situation, and those traits will produce a typical response

25
Q

What is the layout of Hollander’s Model?

A

A circle, the core in the middle, typical responses around that and role-related behaviour around the outside

26
Q

What does Hollander’s Model suggest?

A

That there are three aspects to an individual’s personality: the core, the typical response and role-related behaviour

27
Q

What is the core part of Hollander’s Model?

A

The real you and your true beliefs/values. It does not change and represents the stable aspects of your personality (genetic traits)

28
Q

What is the typical responses part of Hollander’s Model?

A

Describes how individuals usually respond

29
Q

What is the role-related behaviour part of Hollander’s Model?

A

How an individual responds in a specific environment. This may be uncharacteristic behaviour. Most unstable aspect of your personality and does not necessarily reflect your core

30
Q

What is a performers example of Hollander’s Model?

A
  • Performer has core values of a strong work ethic and is prepared to work hard for the team in every game (genetic/innate traits)
  • The player is an attacker who typically responds to attacking situations by making the effort to make various runs to find space and then receive the ball from the midfield players
  • In a close game, when the team are under pressure and trying to defend a narrow lead, the player tracks back and employs the role-related behaviour of a defender to help protect the lead
31
Q

How can the interactionist perspective improve performance?

A
  • Allows coaches to predict situations to avoid specific aspects of personality being displayed
  • Coach identifies aspects of personality or behaviour to be changed
  • Coach alters behaviour for improved performance, by encouraging performers to act in certain ways in specific circumstances
32
Q

What are the limitations of the interactionist approach?

A
  • Personality is seen as stable; however, the environment can be unstable. Particular competitive situations may require varying behavioural responses from a performer, which may be difficult depending upon their traits
  • A performers core values could be very hard to alter and therefore the behaviour they exert during competition may remain stable and this could affect performance positively or negatively
  • Reinforcement from significant others could lead to the behaviour of the performer being continued, which may have positive or negative effects during competition
  • Performers need to understand their personality profile as this may assist them in altering / adapting / learning to cope better in any given competitive situation

Psychology - year 2 PE (25 decks)

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