Person Perception Flashcards
What is in a Person‘s Face?
- Identity & Familiarity
- Category information (e. g., attractiveness, age, gender)
- Nonverbal Communication (e. g., emotion, attitudes, attention)
What is the Attractiveness Bias
?
“What-is-beautiful-is-good-stereotype“
- people spontaneously associate many desirable characteristics to attractive faces
How accurate is the person construal from faces?
has a low accuracy
Why is the Person Construal from Faces important to look at?
- high social consensus
- can be highly influential
- may cause confirmative behaviour
Where does Person Construal from Faces come from?
- Evolutionary advantage?
- Overgeneralization hypothesis
- Acquired face-trait-mappings
What your stuff (room, desk, playlist, dog) says about you (Gosling, 2002)
Is this valid and why?
Yes
- High perceiver consistency
- Above-chance accuracy
- Reliance on valid cues (behavioral residuals)
Which two kinds of knowledge do we process with regards to interpreting people?
- Available Knowledge (stored associations)
- Accessible Knowledge (activated associations)
In what two points can you differentiate Accessible Knowledge?
How do we process social information?
Name the two kinds of processing
- Superficial Processing
- Systematic Processing
Define Superficial Processing
- No or minimal effort, quick
- based on single/few attributes
- depends on accessibility
- stable judgments (conservatism)
Define Systematic Processing
- High motivation & effort, slow
- integration of multiple attributes
- depends on accessibility
- table judgments (conservatism)
What is the the Halo effect (Asch, 1946; Lorge, 1936)?
central features shape interpretation of other information
What is the the Primacy effect (Asch, 1946)?
early information shapes interpretation of later information
What have Heider-Simmel Demonstration (1944) discovered for impressions of people on us?
Participants spontaneously described the movements of triangles and circles in terms of human actions, feelings, and emotions
Why do we attribute?
Attribution: assigning causality to an observed behavior
- Mastery needs (understand & control)
- (connectedness & positive self concept)
How do we attribute?
Attribution: assigning causality to an observed behavior
by identifying others‘ dispositions
What is Attribution?
assigning causality to an observed behavior
Correspondent Inference Theory (Jones & Heider, 1965)
Explain Correspondence Inference
We tend to attribute another person’s behavior to their own dispositional qualities (intentions, traits) rather than to situational factors.
When would the Correspondence Inference effect be justified?
Why does the Correspondence Inference (Bias) exist?
- Lacking awareness of situational forces
- Lacking understanding for situational forces
- Expectations biased by situational forces
- Failure to correct for situational forces
Explain the Three-stage Model of Social Inference (Gilbert et al., 1988; Gilbert & Malone, 1995)
Does the Covariation Theory (Kelley, 1967) have empirical evidence?
Yes, when provided with full DCC information, people infer many of the predicted causes
DCC= Distinctiveness, Consistency & Consensus
Name critic on the Covariation Theory (Kelley, 1967)
- We rarely have the full information available
- Little empirical evidence that people actively & systematically search for the full DCC information
- We rarely have time & capacity for systematic processing
DCC= Distinctiveness, Consistency & Consensus
Instead of using DCC information, what do we do for Impression Fomation?
DCC= Distinctiveness, Consistency & Consensus from Kelley (1967)
We more often use scripts and causal schemas to explain behavior