Intergroup Attitudes Flashcards
Wie sind Vorurteile/Prejudices definiert?
An attitude or orientation towards a group and it’s members that devaluates it directly or indirectly (often to the benefit of the self or the own group).
Spears & Tausch, 2022
Bezüglich Vorturteile, wie lässt sich das Konzept in Affect, Behavior & Cognition unterteilen?
Was spricht für “The Prejudiced Personality”?
Was spricht gegen “The Prejudiced Personality”?
Beschreibe das Dual Process Model of Prejudice
Wieso sind Soziale Identitäten so wichtig beim Betrachten von Vorurteilen?
Social identities fundamentally affects our perceptions, attitudes, behaviors towards members of ingroups and outgroups
Optimal distinctiveness best provided by relatively ____ groups
(Brewer; 1991)
Optimal distinctiveness best provided by relatively small groups
Including social group memberships into the self can satisfy contradictory goals:
What goals?
What components does ingroup identificatoin include?
Seminal Study (Taifel et al., 1971)
Was haben sie gefunden bezüglich des Ingroup Bias?
Er existiert mit
* Maximum Difference > Maximum Ingroup Profit
* Intergroup bias in absence of conflict and/or self-interest (without any apparent reason or benefit)
What are Effects of self-categorization (on the SELF)?
- Opinions, Emotions, & Behaviors move toward those typical of the group
- Experience of (intense) emotions in response to events affecting the group or other group members
Wofür steht BiRG?
Basking in Reflected Glory
Group Memberships become accessible when? In welche zwei typen kann man die Frage untereilen?
- Temporary (situational) factors
- stable factors
Group Memberships become accessible when?
Nenne temporary (situational) factors
- explicit labeling (e.g., ‘Studentin’)
- presence of ingroup members
- highlighted group symbols (e.g., logos, flags, uniforms)
- presence of outgroup members
Group Memberships become accessible when?
Nenne more stabel factors
- intergroup rivalry / conflict
- being a minority
- being target of discrimination
- individual chronic accessibility
- cultural chronic accessibility
Is Social Identity direclty related to Prejudice against Outgroups?
Nein, Positive-negative asymmetry: ingroup liking ≠ outgroup dislike
Intergroup Relations & Threat
What does Relative Deprivation (Runcimen, 1966) state?
not absolut loss but relative loss is threatening
Intergroup Relations & Threat
What type of threats are there?
- existential threat
- threats to ressources
- threat to group values
- Threats to Identity, Status, and Esteem
Intergroup Relations & Threat
What is meant by Threats to Identity, Status, and Esteem?
Social Comparison with higher status groups is threatening because it may result in negative social identity
Intergroup Relations & Threat
What is the integrated threat theory?
- Symbolic Threats (ideological rather than physical)
- Perception of conflicting beliefs, values, ideologies, etc.
Intergroup Relations & Threat
What is meant by Threats to Resources
Perceptions of competitive intergroup relationship
Intergroup Relations & Threat
What is meant by Existential Threat (genocide, holocaust) or threats to group security (extremism; terrorism)?
physical or symbolic threat to the ingroup’s existence activate strong defense mechanisms
Coping with identity threat via Social Creativity. How?
- Change meaning of comparison dimensions
- Introduce different dimensions of competition on which own group is superior (avoid challenge on direct comparison)
(not every/every) perception of threat will result in outgroup prejudice or discrimination
Not every perception of threat will result in outgroup prejudice or discrimination