Attitudes & Behavior

Question 1

Actions influence Attitudes (superficial)

Beschreib die Studie von Wells & Petty, 1980

Answer 1

Runners haben sich stärker von der Haltung des Audios beeinflussen lassen

Question 2

Actions influence Attitudes (superficial)

Beschreib die Studie von Briñol & Petty, 2003

Answer 2

Nodders haben sich stärker von der “strong message” beeinflussen lassen

Question 3

Actions influence Attitudes (superficial)

Beschreib die Studie von Chaiken & Baldwin, 1981

Answer 3

Menschen, die angegeben haben, dass denen die Umwelt nicht so wichtig ist, konnten stärker manipuliert werden in ihrer Haltung, wenn diese sich auf pro-Umwelt Erfahrungen konzentrieren sollten

Question 4

Actions influence attitudes (systematic)

Explain the Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger)

Answer 4

inconsistent cognitions (attitudes, thoughts, beliefs, awareness of own behavior) lead to uncomfortable state of tension and motivation to reduce tension

Question 5

Actions influence attitudes (systematic)

Beschreib die Studie von Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959

Answer 5

Question 6

Actions influence attitudes (systematic)

What did Brehm (1956) found out with reegards to the choice of one out of two equally liked objects?

Answer 6

Leads to increase evaluative difference between both alternatives

Question 7

Actions influence attitudes (systematic)

What is a decisional dissonance?

Answer 7

Post-decisional regret: Tensions between chosen and non-chosen alternatives

Question 8

Actions influence attitudes (systematic)

When does attitude change occur?

Answer 8

• Action is perceived as inconsistent with attitude
• Action is perceived to be under personal responsibility
• Person experiences uncomfortable arousal
• Person attributes arousal to the attitude-behavior-inconsistency

Question 9

Actions influence attitudes (systematic)

What are strategies to reduce dissonance?

Answer 9

• minimize inconsistency
• attribute arousal externally
• alternative self-affirmation
• minimize personal responsibility
• intentions to change future behavior

Question 10

Applying Dissonance Theory

Describe the study from Comer & Laird (1975) about eating worms

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the result of Comer & Laird (1975) about eating worms?

Answer 11

the more impressive aspect of these findings is the degree to which people will change their conceptual system to make sense of the random events of their lives.

Question 12

Fill in

Answer 12

Question 13

Name Boundary Conditions for attitudes influencing actions

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the result of the following study

Answer 14

• highly accessible attitudes are easier to report and more influential on behavior
• Position of the items had additional significant influence on choice (for weak attitudes only)

Question 15

Through what do attitudes guide behaviors?

Answer 15

Attitudes guide behaviors through forming Intentions

Question 16

Explain the Theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975)

Answer 16

Question 17

How does the Theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) extend the Theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975)

Answer 17

Question 18

Whats the problem with the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991)?

Answer 18

They assume that human beings are usually quite rational and make systematic use of the information available to them

Question 19

Explain the MODe Model from Fazio, 1990

Answer 19

Question 20

Was fanden Holland et al., 2002 raus bezüglich der Wechselwirkung von Haltungen und Verhalten heraus?

Answer 20

Wechselwirkung existiert

Question 21

Whether and how attitudes guide behavior depends on?

Answer 21

• systematic vs. superficial processing
• Attitude strength (+ intentions)
• Situation strength (opportunities, salience, social norms)