Peritoneum Flashcards
Where does the peritoneum lie?
abdominal cavity
Parietal peritoneum does what?
lines abdominal wall
Visceral peritoneum does what?
covers abdominal organs
What is the peritoneal cavity?
potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum, serous fluid inside
In males is the peritoneal cavity completely closed?
yes
In females is the peritoneal cavity completely closed?
no
Since peritoneal cavity is not closed in females what can happen?
infections of vagina can spread here
Functions of peritoneum?
minimize friction between organs, resist infection, fat storage
Retroperitoneal organs are what?
inferior vena cava
aorta
duodenum
pancreas
Where do retroperitoneal organs lie?
posterior to peritoneum and covered by peritoneum only on anterior surface
What is the innervation of the parietal peritoneum?
phrenic nerve intercostal nerves subcostal nerve iliohypogastric nerve ilioinguinal nerve
Is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to pain?
yes very
What is the visceral peritoneum supplied by?
autonomic nerves which travel within organs it invests
Is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to pain?
no it feels no pain
What is the omentum?
broad, apronlike reflection of peritoneum
What are the two omentum?
greater and lesser omentum
Greater omentum is what?
large apronlike structure which hangs from greater curvature of the stomach, covering abdominal viscera
How many parts does the greater omentum have?
3
What are the three parts of the greater omentum?
Gastrophrenic ligament (between stomach and diaphragm) Gastrosplenic ligament (between stomach and spleen) Gastrocolic ligament (between greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon)
What does the greater omentum due when they see infection?
wraps itself around organ that is inflamed preventing spread of infection
What is the lesser omentum?
double layer of peritoneum which extends from porta hepatis of liver to lesser curvature of stomach
How many parts does the lesser omentum have?
2
What are the two parts of the lesser omentum?
Hepatogastric ligament (between liver and lesser curve of stomach) Hepatoduodenal ligament (between liver and duodenum)
What do peritoneal ligaments do?
connects organs to one another or to body wall
What is general mesentery?
double layer of peritoneum which connects portion of intestine to body wall
What is specific mesentery?
double layer of peritoneum which connects the jejunum and ileum to the body wall
What is the transverse mesocolon?
connects transverse colon to posterior body wall
What is sigmoid mesocolon?
connects sigmoid colon to pelvic wall
What is mesoappendix?
connects appendix to mesentery of ileum
What does the phrenicocolic ligament do?
attaches left colic flexure to diaphragm below the spleen
What is the subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity?
omental bursa and greater sac
Omental bursa is what?
irregularly shaped space that is a closed sac except for its opening into greater sac through omental foramen
Greater sac is what?
diaphragm to pelvic floor
What are the 5 divisions of the greater sac?
right subphrenic space left subphrenic space subhepatic space right paracolic gutter left paracolic gutter
What is the hepatorenal recess an extension of?
subhepatic space
Where is the right subphrenic space located?
below diaphragm, above liver, right of falciform ligament
Where is the left subphrenic space located?
below diaphragm, above liver, left of falciform ligament
Where is the subhepatic space located?
between liver and transverse colon
Where is the right paracolic gutter?
longitudinal depression lateral to ascending colon
Where is the left paracolic gutter?
longitudinal depression lateral to descending colon
Why are the greater sac spaces important?
because they channel and compartmentalize peritoneal fluid and infectious processes
What is the omental foramen?
opening between omental bursa and greater sac
What are the boundaries of the omental foramen?
liver (superiorly)
first part of duodenum (inferiorly)
free edge of lesser omentum (anteriorly)
peritoneum covering inferior vena cava (posteriorly)
What structures pass through porta hepatis?
bile duct (to right) hepatic artery proper (to left) portal vein (behind)
