Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the large intestine extend from?

A

ileocecal junction to anus

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2
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

1.5 m

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3
Q

What is primary function of the large intestine?

A

convert liquid contents of the ileum into semisolid feces by absorbing water
also involved in sythesis of vitamins requiring bacterial action like vitamin k (blood clotting)

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4
Q

What is the large intestine made up of?

A

cecum
appendix
colon
rectum and anal canal

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5
Q

What is the cecum?

A

blind pouch found below ileocecal junction

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6
Q

What does the ileal fold do?

A

prevent backflow of feces into small intestine

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7
Q

What does the ileal fold surround?

A

ileal orifice

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8
Q

What does the ileal fold make when it fuses together?

A

frenula

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9
Q

What is the appendix?

A

narrow muscular tube which contain lymphoid tissue in its walls

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10
Q

Where does the appendix rise from?

A

posteromedial aspect of cecum and attaches to mesentery of ileum by mesoappendix

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11
Q

What is the most common position of the appendix?

A

retrocecal

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12
Q

What is the second most common position of the appendix?

A

pelvic

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13
Q

What does the colon consist of?

A

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

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14
Q

What does the ascending colon run from?

A

ileocecal junction to right colic flexure

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15
Q

What does the transverse colon run from?

A

right colic flexure to left colic flexure

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16
Q

What does the descending colon run from?

A

left colic flexure to pelvic brim

17
Q

What does the sigmoid colon run from?

A

pelvic brim to front of sacrum where it becomes rectum

18
Q

cecum and appendix are intraperatoneal?

A

yes

19
Q

ascending and descending colon are retroperitoneal?

A

yes

20
Q

transverse and sigmoid colon lie within the peritoneal cavity?

A

yes

21
Q

What are taeniae coli?

A

three narrow longitudinal bands of muscle seen most prominently in cecum and ascending colon

22
Q

What is haustra of colon?

A

sacculations or outpounchings of the colon

23
Q

What is omental appendices?

A

small masses of fat which are covered with visceral peritoneum which extend from colon

24
Q

What is the rectum and anal canal?

A

terminal portion of large intestine

25
Q

What is the blood supply to the small and large intestine?

A

superior and inferior mesenteric artery

26
Q

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Jejunal and Ileal arteries
Ileocolic artery
Right colic artery
Middle colic artery
27
Q

What does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supply?

A

pancreas and distal part of duodenum

28
Q

What does the Jejunal and ileal arteries supply?

A

jejunum and ileum

29
Q

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

ascending colon, cecum, and appendix

30
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

ascending colon

31
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

transverse colon

32
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

left colic artery
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

33
Q

What does the left colic artery supply?

A

descending colon

34
Q

What does the sigmoid arteries supply?

A

sigmoid colon

35
Q

What does the superior rectal artery supply?

A

rectum and upper part of anal canal

36
Q

What is so special about the marginal artery?

A

anastomotic channel which helps prevent bowel infarction because it connects to all the branches and allows astigmatic circulation

37
Q

What is the vasa recta?

A

straight terminal branches from marginal artery to large intestine

38
Q

What is the innervation of the large intestine for the cecum and right 2/3 of transverse colon?

A

autonomic fibers from superior mesenteric plexus

39
Q

What is the innervation of the large intestine for the left 1/3 of transverse colon to upper part of anal canal?

A

autonomic fibers from inferior mesenteric plexus and hypogastric plexus