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GROSS 2 Exam 3 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

How is the abdomen divided up?

A

9 regions by, 2 vertical planes and two horizontal planes

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2
Q

What is the vertical planes?

A

2 midclavicular plane

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3
Q

What is midclavicular plane?

A

extend inferiorly from midpoint of clavicle to midpoint of lines joining ASIS to pubic symphysis

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4
Q

What are the horizontal planes?

A

subcostal and transtubercular plane

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5
Q

What is the subcostal plane?

A

lowest point of costal margin on each side, inferior margin of rib 10 (L3)

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6
Q

What is the transtubercular plane?

A

joins the tubercles of the iliac crests (L5)

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7
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A 
Right Hypochondrium
Epigastric
Left Hypochondrium
Right Flank
Umbilical
Left Flank
Right Groin
Pubic
Left Groin
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8
Q

Where does the liver lie in the regions?

A

right hypochondrium and epigastric region

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9
Q

Where does the spleen and fundus and body of the stomach lie in the regions?

A

left hypochondrium region

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10
Q

What are the quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant

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11
Q

What is the median plane?

A

vertical plane through midline

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12
Q

What is the transumbilical plane?

A

horizontal plane through the umbilicus

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13
Q

Where does the Umbilicus lie?

A

L2-L5

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14
Q

What are the Layers of the Anterior Abdominal Wall? Superficial to Deep

A 
skin
camper's fascia (superficial layer of superficial fascia)
scarpa's fascia (deep layer of superficial fascia)
deep fascia
external oblique muscle
internal oblique muscle
transversus abdominis muscle
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fascia
parietal peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
visceral peritoneum
abdominal organs
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15
Q

What are the two layers of the fascia of anterior abdominal wall

A

superficial and deep fascia

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16
Q

What two layers are the superficial fascia broke into?

A

superficial layer

Deep layer

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17
Q

What is the superficial layer (camper’s) made up of?

A

fatty layer

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18
Q

What is the deep layer (scarpa’s) made up of?

A

membranous layer

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A 
Linea Alba
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis 
Rectus Abdominis
Pyramidalis
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20
Q

What muscles are innervated by the anterior primary rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves?

A

External Oblique

Rectus Abdominis

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21
Q

What muscles are innervated by the anterior primary rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves and first lumbar nerves?

A

Internal Oblique

Transversus Abdominis

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22
Q

What is the longest raphe in the body?

A

linea alba

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23
Q

What muscle is innervated by the subcostal nerve?

A

pyramidalis

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24
Q

Is the pyramidalis often missing?

A

Yes

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25
Q

What does all the anterior abdominal wall muscles insert into via their aponeuroses?

A

linea alba

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26
Q

What is the function of the external oblique?

A

compress abdomen, supports abdominal viscera, lateral flex trunk

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27
Q

What is the function of the Internal oblique?

A

compress abdomen, supports abdominal viscera, lateral flex trunk

28
Q

What direction does fibers of external oblique run?

A

downward and forward

29
Q

What direction does fibers of internal oblique run?

A

downward and backward

30
Q

What is the function of the transversus abdominis?

A

helps stabilize spine, compresses abdomen, supports abdominal viscera

31
Q

What direction does fibers of transversus abdominis run?

A

horizontally across abdomen

32
Q

What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

A

6 pack, compresses abdomen, supports abdominal viscera, anterior flex of trunk

33
Q

Where does the linea albia run?

A

down middle of right and left rectus abdominis

34
Q

Where does the linea semilunaris?

A

curved line that runs lateral border of rectus abdominis muscles

35
Q

What is the tendinous intersections?

A

make the six pack, run tranversely across rectus abdominis

36
Q

What is the function of the pyramidalis?

A

tenses linea alba

37
Q

What are the abdominal wall muscles active in?

A 
coughing (vagus nerve)
sneezing (trigemital nerve)
vomiting
micturition (peeing)
defecation (constipation)
parturition (child birth)
38
Q

What is the rectus sheath formed by?

A

external and internal oblique, and transversus abdominis

39
Q

What is enclosed inside the rectus sheath?

A 
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
superior epigastric artery and vein
inferior epigastric artery and vein
anterior primary rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves
40
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

crescent shaped line, midway between umbilicus and pubic crest

41
Q

What is above the arcuate line?

A

anterior and posterior layer of rectus sheath

42
Q

What is the anterior layer of rectus sheath above the arcuate line made up of?

A

aponeuroses of external and internal oblique muscles

43
Q

What is the posterior layer of rectus sheath above the arcuate line made up of?

A

aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

44
Q

What happens to aponeurosis of internal oblique above the arcuate line?

A

splits to enclose the rectus abdominis

45
Q

What is below the arcuate line?

A

anterior and posterior layer of rectus sheath

46
Q

What is the anterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line made up of?

A

aponeuroses of the external, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscle

47
Q

What is the posterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line made up of?

A

transversalis fascia

48
Q

What makes up the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

5 folds and 3 paired fossae

49
Q

Where are the five folds located?

A

posterior surface of anterior abdominal wall, below umbilicus

50
Q

What does the median umbilical fold contain?

A

urachus

51
Q

What does the medial umbilical fold contain?

A

obliterated umbilical artery

52
Q

What does the lateral umbilical fold contain?

A

inferior epigastric vessel

53
Q

What are the three paired fossae that are separated by the folds?

A

supravesical, medial inguinal, lateral inguinal fossa

54
Q

Where is the supravesical fossa?

A

between median and medial umbilical folds

55
Q

Where is the medial inguinal fossa?

A

between median and lateral umbilical folds

56
Q

Where is the lateral inguinal fossa?

A

lateral to the umbilical fold

57
Q

Where does the ligamentum teres lie? and What does it contain?

A

above umbilicus and contains obliterated umbilical vein

58
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

free edge of the falciform ligament and is attached to liver

59
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

superior epigastric artery
inferior epigastric artery
lumbar arteries
deep circumflex iliac artery

60
Q

Where does the superior epigastric artery come from?

A

internal thoracic artery

61
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery come from?

A

external iliac artery

62
Q

Where does the lumbar arteries come from?

A

abdominal aorta

63
Q

Where does the deep circumflex iliac artery come from?

A

external iliac artery

64
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

lower 6 thoracic nerves

65
Q

Where does the lower 6 thoracic nerve run?

A

between internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscle

GROSS 2 Exam 3 (19 decks)

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