Groin (Inguinal) region

Question 1

What forms the inguinal ligament?

Answer 1

lower edge of external oblique aponeurosis

Question 2

From where to where does the inguinal ligament run?

Answer 2

extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 3

What is important about the lacunar ligament?

Answer 3

most medial fibers of the inguinal ligament which inserted into superior pubic ramus

Question 4

What is important about the pectineal ligament?

Answer 4

lateral extension of the lacunar ligament along the pecten pubis (pectineal line)

Question 5

What is the inguinal canal?

Answer 5

oblique passage 3 to 5 cm in length through anterior abdominal wall

Question 6

Where does the inguinal canal begin?

Answer 6

deep inguinal ring

Question 7

Where does the inguinal canal end?

Answer 7

superficial inguinal ring

Question 8

Where does the deep inguinal ring lie?

Answer 8

lateral and internal in anterior abdominal wall

Question 9

Where does the superficial inguinal ring lie?

Answer 9

medial and external in anterior abdominal wall

Question 10

The inguinal canal is much larger in males or females?

Answer 10

males

Question 11

The inguinal canal transmits what?

Answer 11

spermatic cord (in males)
round ligament of uterus (in females)
ilioinguinal nerve (in both sexes)

Question 12

The conjoint tendon does what?

Answer 12

strengthens posterior wall of medial half of inguinal canal

Question 13

How is the conjoint tendon formed?

Answer 13

fusion of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles as they insert into pubic crest and pecten pubis

Question 14

Anterior wall of inguinal canal formed by?

Answer 14

aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Question 15

What does the external oblique function in?

Answer 15

closing canal when contracts, stopping hernias

Question 16

Posterior wall of inguinal canal formed by?

Answer 16

conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia

Question 17

Roof of inguinal canal formed by?

Answer 17

arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Question 18

Floor of inguinal canal formed by?

Answer 18

inguinal and lacunar ligament

Question 19

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 19

triangular opening in the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 20

What does the superficial inguinal ring do?

Answer 20

transmits spermatic cord, round ligament of uterus, ilioinguinal nerve

Question 21

What forms the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 21

formed by splitting of external oblique aponeurosis into two crura

Question 22

What are the two crura of superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 22

lateral and medial crus

Question 23

Lateral crus inserts into?

Answer 23

pubic tubercle

Question 24

Medial crus inserts into?

Answer 24

pubic crest

Question 25

What does the intercrural fibers do?

Answer 25

strengthen apex of the superficial inguinal ring

Question 26

Where is the deep inguinal ring located?

Answer 26

opening within transversalis fascia, above inguinal ligament midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis

Question 27

Inguinal triangle is bounded by what?

Answer 27

medially by lateral edge of rectus abdominis
laterally by inferior epigastric vessel
inferiorly by inguinal ligament

Question 28

What occurs most often in inguinal triangle?

Answer 28

inguinal hernias because of weakness in abdominal wall

Question 29

Is the inguinal canal present before birth?

Answer 29

yes but shorter and less oblique than adults

Question 30

At birth how do the rings line up?

Answer 30

superficial inguinal ring directly anterior to deep inguinal ring

Question 31

At adulthood how do rings line up?

Answer 31

superficial ring is oblique from deep inguinal ring

Question 32

Contraction of muscles of anterior abdominal wall during coughing and straining does what?

Answer 32

elevates intra-abdominal pressure, potentially forcing abdominal contents into canal

Question 33

What two adaptations function in strengthening inguinal canal?

Answer 33

inguinal canal is oblique in adults and conjoint tendon reinforces posterior wall

Question 34

What is the labia majora filled with?

Answer 34

fat (scrotum like)

Question 35

What is the processus vaginalis?

Answer 35

embryological outpouching of peritoneum which forms the inguinal canal and tunica vaginalis of scrotum

Question 36

What happens when the processus vaginalis doesn’t terminate?

Answer 36

leaves sizeable passageway for intestines to pass into scrotum