Peritoneal and retroperitoneal organs Flashcards
What and where are the constriction of the oesophagus?
Explain the venous supply to the oesophagus?
What is chyme?
What are the different parts of the stomach?
What is the function of these folds?
Is the spleen retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
What is the function of the spleen?
Where is it located?
The spleen is connected to the left kidney via the ________.
The spleen is connected to the _______ curvature of the stomach via the ___________.
Splenorenal ligament.
greater curvature, gastrosplenic ligament.
The ligament that separates the liver into the right and left lobe is called the ___________ ligament. This continues on to become the ___________.
The ligament above the liver is the _______ ligament. The thickening on either end are called the….
falciform ligament, round ligament.
Coronary, left and right triangular ligaments.
What is the green area in the middle and its significance?
Bare area: the diaphragmatic surface of the liver without peritoneum.
What is this structure and its importance?
Ligamentum venosum - ductus venosus reminant (a shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver). This can enlarge again and cause caput madusae with portal hypertension.
What are the anatomical lobes of the liver and their location?
How many segments of the liver are there?
8 including the caudate lobe.
How is the gall bladder segmented?
What is the cystohepatic traingle? What is the clinical significance?
Cystohepatic triangle is formed by the liver, common hepatic duct and the cystic duct. The cystic artery is within this. If they need the gall bladder removed then they need to clamp this artery to minimise blood loss.
What are the different segments of the pancreas?
Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
Uncinate process, head, body and tail.
It is all retroperitoneal apart from the tail.
What structure delineates the foregut from the midgut?
The major duodenal papilla (where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct drain).
What are these structures and what drains from each of them?
Explain the arterial supply to the pancreas
Coeliac trunk with a splenic artery, this has a branch going to the pancreas called the greater pancreatic artery. And another part called the dorsal pancreatic artery.
There is the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and the inferior PDA, they split behind and infront of the head of pancreas.
The small intestine is _/_ ileum and _/_ ileum.
How do you tell the ileum and jejunum apart on the surface and on the inside.
2/5 ileum and 3/5 jejunum.
In the ileum there are shorter vasa recta and more connecting vessels (arterial archids).
On the inside the jejunum has a wider diameter, thicker wall, more intestinal folds (like the stomach rugae) and less Peyer’s patches (lymphoid nodules).
What are the external features of the large intestine?
Is the cecum intra or retroperitoneal?
What is the name of the structure which connects the cecum to the ileum?
What is the name of the structure where the apendicular vessels run in?
Intraperitoneal.
Ileocecal fold.
Mesoappendix (fold of peritoneum).
The transverse colon is covered by _________, it is connected to the diaphragm by the ______________ ligament.
transverse mesocolon, phrenocolic ligament.
Is the sigmoid colon intra or retro peritoneal?
What is the shape of the sigmoid colon?
WHat is it suspended in?
What are the different components of the urinary system?
Which kidney sits lower and why?
What protects the kidneys?
Right sits lower than the left bc of the liver.
Perinephric fat and 11th and 12th ribs.
What is the difference in peri and para nephric fat?
What are these structures overlying the kidneys?
Posterior aspect, what are the overlying structures of the kidney?
What is the urine flow direction in the kidney?
Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis and ureter.
Arterial and venous supply of the suprarenal glands.
Arterial:
Inferior phrenic has a branch which goes to suprarenal gland called superior suprarenal artery.
There is a middle one straight from AA.
The inferior comes from renal artery.
Venous:
The venous supply there is only the right and left supra renal vein.
The right one goes directly to IVC, the left one goes into the renal vein.
Explain the arterial supply to the kidney and ureters.
Ureters have arterial supply: 3 of them.
Renal artery has a branch going to the ureter.
Gonadal artery (testicular or ovarian artery depending on sex) has a branch which goes to the middle part of ureter.
Internal illiac artery has a branch.
Where are the constrictions of the ureters?
Ureteropelvic junction, when crossing common iliac and at the bladder entrance
