Head and neck 4 Flashcards
The pharynx is a tube lined by mucous membrane and has a skeleton of _______. It extends from ____ to ____.
Cartilage, C3 to C6.
What is each of the arrows pointing to?
What is the black box pointing to?
What is the lower part of this structure going to form?
What is the black box showing and what will the upper part form?
What is the name of the area between the two vocal folds termed?
Rima glottis.
From the superior aspect, you will probably only be seeing the vestibular fold.
What are each of these muscles called?
What is this muscle, what is it innervated by and what is its action?
What is this muscle and what is its action?
Thyroarytenoid cartilage: relax the vocal fold.
What is this muscle and what is its function?
Lateral crico-arytenoid cartilage: adducts focal folds therefore closing the rima glottis.
What are these two muscles’ names and their function?
These will adduct the focal folds, therefore, closing the rima glottis.
What is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
All innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve BUT the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve.
What is this muscle and its function?
Narrow the opening to the larynx and preventing swallowed material from entering.
What is this muscle and the function?
Posterior crico-arytenoid: abducts the vocal folds therefore making the rima glottidis larger.
The superior laryngeal nerve gives off two branches….
internal and external laryngeal nerve.
The ___________ nerve pierces the ________ membrane to supply the ……
internal laryngeal nerve pierces the thyroid membrane to supply the sensory information to the laryngeal mucosa ABOVE the vocal volds.
What does the external laryngeal nerve supply?
It descends with the superior thyroid artery to supply the cricothyroid muscle.
Explain the course of the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves.
What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply?
On the right side it crosses subclavian artery, this is where the recurrent is given off to head upward. Lies in grove between trachea and oesophagus. Thyroid gland literally sits on it on the front.
On the left side things are different. It goes between subclav vein and artery. Enters thoracic inlet. Crosses arch of aorta and this is where it gives off recurrent laryngeal. Runs in the grove again between trachea and oesophagus.
What is this muscle and what is its function?
Innervation?
Mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the mouth.
It is innervated by mylohyoid nerve which is a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (V3).
Action: Elevate hyoid bone, raises oral cavity floor, elevates tongue, depress mandible.
What are these muscles, its innervation and their action?
Geniohyoid
Innervated by C1 via the hypoglossal nerve.
Action: elevates the hyoid bone OR depresses the mandible (depending on which is stable).
How many teeth are there and the different types?
2 incisors, 1 canines, 2 premolars, 3 molars.
What is this nerve, where did it come from and what does it supply?
Lingual nerve from V3.
Supplies general sensation to anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and floor of the oral cavity.
What is this nerve, what is it a branch of and what does it supply?
Chorda tympani nerve is a branch of facial (CN7).
Joins lingual nerve and supplies special sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue. Also gives parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular ganglion.
What is this nerve, what does it give rise to, where has it come from and its function?
Inferior alveolar nerve: arises from mandibular nerve, gives rise to mental nerve and has a branch called mylohyoid nerve.
What is this nerve, where is it situated, what does it supply?
Maxillary nerve supplies sensation to the maxillary area of the face. Sits in the pterygopalatine fossa.
What are these nerves, what are they a branch of and what do they supply?
Greater and lesser palatine nerves from the maxillary nerve. Supply sensation to hard and soft palate.
What nerve is this, where has it come from and what does it supply?
The nasopalatine nerve supplies the hard palate.
Comes from the maxillary nerve.
Which is the nasal nerve and what does it supply?
Enters the nasal cavity to supply the lateral walls and septum.
What nerve is this, where has it come from and what does it supply?
The pharyngeal nerve is from maxillary and passes posteriorly to supply the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.
What is this nerve, where does it come from and what does it supply?
The posterior superior alveolar nerve comes from the maxillary and supplies the posterior superior teeth.
What is this nerve, where has it come from and what does it supply?
Anterior superior alveolar nerve which is a branch of the infraorbital nerve which supplies the upper anterior portion of the teeth.
Which motor functions does glossopharyngeal nerve have?
Supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle.
Supplies the parotid gland through the auriculotemporal nerve.
What nerve is this?
What does it supply?
- General sensation to the mucosa of oropharynx.
- Special sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
- Motor to the stylopharyngeus.
- Parotid gland via the lesser petrosal nerve.
