Peripheral Vascular System Diseases and Assesments Flashcards
1
Q
inflammation and occlusion affecting medium to large arteries
A
Atherosclerosis Obliterans
2
Q
affectation of ASO
A
LE > UE
3
Q
early warning sign of ASO
A
intermittent claudication
4
Q
late sign of ASO
A
gangrene
5
Q
pain distribution of vascular claudication
A
usually bilateral
6
Q
pain distribution of neurogenic claudication
A
usually bilateral, may be unilateral
7
Q
pain site in vascular claudication
A
calf
8
Q
pain site in neurogenic claudication
A
back
buttocks
thigh
calves
feet
9
Q
pain in vascular claudication presents
A
consistent in all spinal positions
10
Q
pain in neurogenic claudication is aggravated by
A
spinal extension
walking
11
Q
pain in neurogenic claudication is decreased by
A
spinal flexion
recumbency
12
Q
pain in vascular claudication is relieved by
A
rest (1-5 mins)
13
Q
distinguishing pain sensation in neurogenic claudication
A
burning and dysesthesia from back to buttocks and/or legs
14
Q
pulses in vascular claudication
A
decreased or absent in LE
15
Q
pulses in neurogenic claudication
A
normal
16
Q
ages affected by vascular claudication
A
40 to 60+
17
Q
ages affected by neurogenic claudication
A
40 to 60+
18
Q
inflammation and occlusion of small arteries
A
Thromboangiitis Obliterans/Buerger’s dse
19
Q
affectation of TAO
A
UE > LE
20
Q
risk factors for TAO
A
young male
smoking
21
Q
raynaud’s disease
A
primary Raynaud’s
22
Q
Raynaud’s phenomenon
A
secondary Raynaud’s
23
Q
onset for primary Raynaud’s
A
< 30 y/o
24
Q
onset for secondary Raynaud’s
A
> 30 y/o
25
cause of primary Raynaud's
idiopathic
26
cause of secondary Raynaud's
secondary to another underlying medical condition
27
severity of primary Raynaud's
mild S/Sx
28
severity of secondary Raynaud's
severe S/Sx
29
risk factors for primary Raynaud's
sex
age
climate
family hx
30
a substance risk factor for secondary Raynaud's
vinyl chloride
31
distention or swelling of superficial veins due to dysfunctional valves
Varicose veins
32
S/Sx of varicose veins
aching, heavy leg c spider veins
33
common veins affected by Varicose veins
great Saphenous v.
small Saphenous v.
34
inflammation and clot formation affecting the superficial veins
Superficial vein thrombosis
35
complications for superficial vein thrombosis
varicosities
36
S/Sx of superficial vein thrombosis
pain along the course of saphenous veins
37
course of the great Saphenous vein
originates at the dorsal vein of the hallux
runs anteriorly to the medial malleolus
ascends to the medial aspect of the leg
runs to the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the femur
passes over the medial aspect of the thigh
38
inflammation and clot formation affecting the deep veins
Deep Vein Thrombosis
39
what do you call the triad ofDVT?
Virchow's triad
40
the Virchow's triad includes
Hypercoagulability
Intimal wall damage
Venous stasis
41
what is venous stasis?
pooling of blood in the lower leg
42
why is Homan's test contraindicated in DVT?
dislodges the clot
43
prevention for DVT
early mobilization
44
enlargement of lymph nodes with or without tenderness
lymphadenopathy
45
excessive fluid in the tissue in the lymph nodes
lymphedema
46
cause of secondary lymphedema
iatrogenic
47
primary lymphdema occurring after birth
Milroy's dse
48
primary lymphedema present in people < 35 y/o
praecox
49
primary lymphedema present in people > 35 y/o
tarda
50
site of wound in venous insufficiency
proximal to the medial malleolus
51
site of wound in arterial insufficiency
lower 1/3 of the leg, toe, lateral malleolus
52
characteristics of venous insufficiency wounds
irregular, shallow appearance
53
characteristics of arterial insufficiency wounds
smooth edges
well-defined
tend to be deep
54
what happens when you elevate the leg of a patient c venous insufficiency?
pain decreases
55
what happens when you elevate the leg of a patient c arterial insufficiency?
pain increases
56
patients with arterial insufficiency present c
thin and shiny, hair loss, yellow nails
57
pts c venous insufficiency have a wound presentation of
flaking, brownish discoloration (hemosiderin staining)
58
pain severity in pts c venous insufficiency
mild to moderate
59
pain severity in pts c arterial insufficiency`
severe
60
BMI formula in metric units
kg/m^2
61
BMI formula in imperial
(lb/in^2)703
62
< 18.5 BMI
underweight
63
18.5 - 24.9 BMI
normal
64
25 - 29.9 BMI
overweight
65
30 - 34.9 BMI
obese class I
66
35 - 39.9 BMI
obese class II
67
40 or above BMI
obese class III
68
easily obliterated c slight pressure; fades in and out
grade 1+ pulse
69
easily obliterated c light pressure
grade 2+ pulse
70
requires moderate pressure to obliterate
grade 3+ pulse
71
not obliterated by moderate pressure
grade 4+ (bounding) pulse
72
positive sign for capillary refill time (CRT)
refill is longer than 2 secs
73
indication of CRT
impaired perfusion to the extremities
74
assessment for vascular intermittent claudication
treadmill test
75
how long does a treadmill test for vascular intermittent claudication last?
15 mins
76
how many trials does a treadmill for test vascular intermittent claudication have?
2 trials
77
what is the parameter for the 1st trial of treadmill test for vascular intermittent claudication?
1.2 mph
78
what is the parameter for the 2nd trial of treadmill test for vascular intermittent claudication?
preferred walking speed
79
assessments for neurogenic intermittent claudication
Bicycle test of Van Gelderen
Stoop test
80
(+) sign for bicycle test of Van Gelderen
the pt can cycle longer in a slumped position
81
(+) sign for stoop test
the pt continues walking in a slumped position
82
sites of ABI in LE
posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis
83
formula for R ABI
higher R ankle SBP (PT/DP) / higher arm SBP (L/R)
84
formula for L ABI
higher L ankle SBP (PT/DP) / higher arm SBP (L/R)
85
> 1.2 ABI possible indications
falsely elevated
arterial dse
diabetes
86
1.19 - 0.95 > 1.2 ABI possible indications
normal
87
0.94 - 0.75 ABI possible indication
mild arterial dse + intermittent claudication
88
0.74 - 0.50 ABI possible indications
mod arterial dse + resting pain
89
< 0.50 ABI possible indications
severe arterial dse
90
A non invasive test that examined the LE for the presence of ischemia.
Rubor of dependency
91
(+) sign for Rubor of Dependency
it takes > 30 secs for color to return to pink
92
indication of rubor of dependency
arterial insufficiency
93
Noninvasive test for arterial and venous circulation
Air plethysmography
94
what is observed in air plethysmography?
changes in leg volume during rest, standing, and light walking
95
what is obstructed in Allen's test?
radial a.
ulnar a.
96
A non-invasive test that measures blood flow in the skin.
Skin perfusion pressure measurement
97
how is the venous filling time done?
pt in supine, leg is passively elevated to 45 deg for 1 minute then place in dependent position.
98
(+) sign Venous filling time
> 15 secs return
< 15 secs return
99
normal return time for venous filling time
15 secs
100
indication for Venous filling time
> 15 secs (arterial dse)
< 15 secs (venous dse)
101
how proximal is the greater saphenous vein to the knee when tapped in percussion test?
6 in (15.2 cm)
102
(+) sign for percussion test
a fluid is detected under the distal palpation site
103
another name for percussion test
Schwartz
104
indication of Schwartz' test
valvular incompetency
105
how is Trendelenburg test done?
LE is elevated and a tourniquet is applied on the thigh. After one minute, the pt is asked to stand.
106
(+) sign for Trendelenburg test
vein distention within 5 secs after/before tourniquet being released
107
indication of Trendelenburg test
distention before 5 secs = valvular incompetence
distention after 5 secs = superficial vein incomptence
108
(+) sign for hand volume test
30-50 mL difference of water displacement between both hands
109
normal amount of difference in hand volume test
10 mL
110
(+) sign of Stemmer's test
cannot pinch the skin at the 2nd MTT
111
indication of (+) Stemmer's
lymphedema
112
2 mm depression; rebounds immediately
grade 1+ edema
113
4 mm depression; rebounds < 15 secs
grade 2+ edema
114
6 mm depression; rebounds 15-30 secs
grade 3+ edema
115
8mm depression: rebounds > 30 secs
grade 4+ edema
