Common S/SX of Pulmonary dse Flashcards
1
Q
Rapid breathing characterized by increased respiratory rate (>24 cpm)
A
Tachypnea
2
Q
Coughing up of mucus or phlegm from the lungs, often associated with respiratory infection or chronic lung conditions
A
Sputum production
3
Q
High-pitched whistling sound produced during breathing, typically indicating narrowed airways or obstruction.
A
Wheezing
4
Q
Pain or discomfort in the chest area
A
Chest pain
5
Q
Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
A
Cyanosis
6
Q
Persistent feeling of tiredness or weakness
A
Fatigue
7
Q
Enlargement and round of fingertips, associated with chronic hypoxia
A
Clubbing of fingers
8
Q
Clubbing of Fingers is aka
A
Hippocratic fingers
9
Q
Nail bed angle that indicates clubbing of fingers
A
Above 180 degrees
10
Q
Act of forcefully expelling air from the lungs
A
Cough
11
Q
Duration of acute cough
A
< 3 wks
12
Q
Duration of subacute cough
A
3-8 wks
13
Q
Duration of chronic cough
A
> 8 wks
14
Q
Common causes of acute cough
A
Respiratory tract infection or aspiration event
Inhalation of noxious chemicals or smoke
15
Q
Common causes of subacute cough
A
Residuum from tracheobronchitis
16
Q
Common causes of chronic cough
A
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Infectious
Cardiovascular etiology
17
Q
Expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract
A
Hemoptysis
18
Q
Color of blood from the respiratory tract
A
Bright red, foamy
19
Q
Color of blood from the GIT
A
Dark red or coffee colored
20
Q
Causes of hemoptysis
A
Bronchitis
Aspergilloma
Tumor
TB
Lung Abscess
Pulmonary Embolus
Coagulopathy
Autoimmune/AV malformation/Alveolar hemorrhage
Mitral Stenosis
Pneumonia
21
Q
Shortness of breath
A
Dyspnea
22
Q
Pathophysiology of chest tightness or constriction
A
Bronchoconstriction
Interstitial edema
23
Q
Pathophysiology of increased work or effort of breathing
A
Airway obstruction (COPD, uncontrolled asthma)
Neuromuscular disease
24
Q
Pathophysiology of air hunger, need to breathe, or urge to breathe
A
Heart failure
Pulmonary embolism
Mod-severe airflow obstruction
25
Pathophysiology of cannot get a deep breath, unsatisfying breathing
Hyperinflation
Restricted TV
26
Pathophysiology of heavy, rapid breathing
Deconditioned
27
Common indicator of heart failure
Orthopnea
28
Highly suggestive of heart failure
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
29
It is typical among patients with COPD, interstitial lung disease, and chronic thromboembolic dse
Chronic persistent dyspnea
30
A clinical condition characterized by dyspnea and hypoxemia. It worsens in upright position and improves in supine position
Platypnea
31
Platypnea is suggestive of what disease?
Left atrial myxoma
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
31
Where is the pulmonary pain pattern localized?
Substernal or chest region over the involved lung
32
Where can pulmonary pain radiate to?
Neck
Upper trapezius
Costal margins
Thoracic back
Scapula/Shoulder
33
Pain felt over the neck and anterior chest
Tracheobronchial pain
34
Sharp, localized pain during respiratory movements
Pleural pain
35
How can pleural pain be relieved?
Positioning the patient in side-lying position
36
Pain felt along the costal margins
Diaphragmatic pain
37
A type of diaphragmatic pain felt in the lumbar region
Peripheral
38
A type of diaphragmatic pain that radiates towards the upper trapezius and ipsilateral shoulder
Centralized
39
Type of breathing common in men and children
Diaphragmatic
40
Normal sputum production
100 mL/day
40
Type of breathing common in women
Costal breathing
41
Indication of a rusty sputum
Pneumonia
41
Indication of red/scarlet red sputum
Blood/Hemoptysis
41
Indication of a thick, green, musty smelling sputum
Pseudomonas
Infection
42
Indication of a pink-frothy sputum
Pulmonary edema
42
Indication of a purplish sputum
neoplasm
43
Indication of a purulent, yellow sputum
Infection
44
Indication of a flecked (dark) sputum
Carbon particles
45
Palpation of the upper lobe of the lungs
Thumb: sternal notch
Fingers: above the clavicle
46
Palpation of the R Middle Lobes and Lingula
Thumbs: Xiphoid
Fingers: Lateral ribs
47
Palpation of the lower lobes of the lungs
Thumb: lower thoracic spine
Fingers: Lateral ribs
48
Checking of the vibration of the chest wall
Tactile Fremitus
49
Cause of increased tactile fremitus
Lung consolidation
50
Cause of decreased fremitus
Excess air in lungs
Thickened lung walls
51
Indication of dull and flat response during percussion
Greater than normal amount of slid matter in lungs compared to the amount of air
52
Indication of a hyperresonant response in percussion
There is greater amount of air in the area than normal (emphysema)
53
Where is tracheal breath sound auscultated?
Trachea
54
Description of a tracheal breath sound
Equal inspiration and expiration; loud, high pitched, and hollow short pause between inspiration and expiration;
55
Where to auscultate to find a bronchial breath sound?
Over the manubrium or in between scapulae
56
Description of a bronchial breath sound
Similar to tracheal but inspiration is shorter than expiration
57
Where to auscultate when finding for a bronchovesicular breath sound?
Over large airways near sternum or in between the scapulae
58
Description of a bronchovesicular breath sound
Inspiration and expiration should be equal in duration; lower intensity than bronchial; medium-pitched, and no pause between inspiration and expiration
59
Where to auscultate when looking for a vesicular breath sound?
Over the peripheral lung tissue
60
Description of a vesicular breath sound
Longer inspiration with short expiration; relatively faint and low-pitched; no pause between inspiration and expiration;
61
An abnormal transmission of spoken words. The patient is asked to say the letter "E" or 99.
Bronchophony
62
The nasal, bleating sound of spoken or whispered words auscultated over the consolidated lung tissue
Egophony
63
Abnormal transmission of whispered syllables that normally cannot be heard distinctly. Examining this requires the pt to whisper "one, two, three"
Pectoriloquy
64
Abnormal breath sounds
Bronchophony
Egophony
Pectoriloquy
65
Normal breath sounds
Tracheal
Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
66
Where can crackles be auscultated?
m/c in dependent lobes; R an L lung bases
67
Description of crackles
Fine, short, interrupted crackling sounds heard during end of inspiration, expiration or both
68
Another name for crackles
Rales
69
Where can Rhonchii be auscultated?
Over the trachea and bronchi
70
Description of Rhonchii
Loud, low-pitched, continuous sounds heard more during expiration
71
Another name for Rhonchii
Sonorous wheeze
72
Where can wheezes be auscultated?
Heard over all lung fields
73
Description of wheezes
High-pitched, musical sounds like a squeak heard continuously during inspiration or expiration
74
Another name for wheezes
Sibilant wheeze/Stridor
75
Where can pleural friction rub be auscultated?
Heard over the lateral lung field
76
Description of pleural friction rub
Grating quality heard best during inspiration; heard loudest over lower lateral anterior surface
77
Indication of Stridor
A medical emrgency
78
Increased volume of air taken in
Hyperpnea
79
Gradual increase and decrease in respirations with periods of apnea
Cheyne-Stokes
80
Abnormal breathing pattern with groups of rapid respiration with equal depths and regular apnea periods
Biot's
81
Tachypnea and Hyperpnea
Kussmaul's
82
Prolong inspiratory base with a prolonged expiratory base
Apneustic
83
A routine chest radiography
Chest radiography
84
What are being evaluated in a chest radiography?
Parenchyma
Pleura
Airways
Mediastinum
85
What views of chest radiography are taken in an upright position?
Posteroanterior
Lateral
86
Advantages of a PA chest radiography view
Decreased radiation to thyroid
Better visualization of the lung fields
87
When is a lateral decubitus view used in chest radiography?
To determine pleural abnormalities
88
When is an Apicolordotic view used in chest radiography?
visualize disease at the lung apices
89
m/c pulmonary function test
Spirometry
90
What is the purpose of doing Spirometry?
Measures how much an individual can move air in and out of the lungs
91
What is the purpose of doing an Ultrasound in pulmonary assessment?
Can detect & localize pleural abnormalities and peripheral lung parenchyma
92
Disadvantages of using a high-resolution CT scan
Higher radiation exposure
93
In what condition is HRCT commonly used?
Pulmonary fibrosis
94
What diagnostic used for evaluation of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)?
Ventilation-Perfusion Lung scanning
95
How is a pulmonary angiography administered?
Injected through a catheter
96
What is the purpose of using pulmonary angiography?
Detect areas with occlusion due to pulmonary embolism
97
Allows direct visualization of tracheobronchial tree and evaluation of bronchopulmonary airway segments
Bronchoscopy
98
Minimally invasive technique for diagnosis and management of pleural and some parenchymal lung diseases
Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)
