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Cardio > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the heart

A

Mediastinum

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2
Q

Innervation of the heart

A

C3-T4

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3
Q

What do you call the condition wherein the heart is situated on the R side?

A

Dextrocardia

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4
Q

What do you call the condition wherein the visceral organs are located on the other side?

A

Situs Inversus

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5
Q

Surfaces of the heart

A

Sternocostal (Ant): RV
Diaphragmatic (Inf): LV > RV
Right Pulmonary: RA
Left Pulmonary: LV

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6
Q

Borders of the heart

A

Right: RA, SVC, IVC
Inferior: RV, LV
Left: LV, L auricle
Right: RA, LA, Auricles

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7
Q

A fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

A

Pericardium

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8
Q

Function of the pericardium

A

Restrict excessive movements of the heart

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9
Q

The strong fibrous part of the sac. It is found superficially and attached below to the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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10
Q

Function of the Fibrous Pericardium

A

Prevents overstretching
Anchors heart to the mediastinum
Provides protection

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11
Q

Inner layer of the pericardium

A

Serous

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12
Q

The sensitive layer of serous pericardium that is fused with the pericardium

A

Parietal layer

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13
Q

The layer of the pericardium the adheres to the outermost layer of the cardiac wall, it is fused with the heart (epicardium)

A

Visceral layer

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14
Q

A space between the two layers of the serous pericardium filled with pericardial fluid

A

Pericardial cavity

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15
Q

Function of pericardial fluid

A

Reduces friction between the two layers of the serous pericardium

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16
Q

What is the condition wherein there is an inflammation of the pericardium?

A

Pericarditis

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17
Q

Cause of pericarditis

A

Too little pericardial fluid in the pericardial cavity

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18
Q

What sound can be heard when a person has pericarditis?

A

Pericardial friction rub

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19
Q

Layer of the heart that is fused with the visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

Epicardium

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20
Q

It is the layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart.

A

Myocardium

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21
Q

Myocardium makes up for how much percentage of the heart wall?

A

95%

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22
Q

The innermost layer of the heart made up of squamous epithelium

A

Endocardium

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23
Q

Function of the smooth endothelial lining in the endocardium

A

Minimizes the surface friction as blood passes through the heart.

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24
Q

Receiving chambers of the heart

A

Atria

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25
Q

Pumping chambers of the heart

A

Ventricles

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26
Q

Valves responsible for S1(Lub) heart sound

A

Atrioventricular valves: Tricuspid and Bicuspid

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27
Q

Valves responsible for S2(Dub) heart sound

A

Semilunar valves: Pulmonic and Aortic

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28
Q

What heart structures are affected when there is Endocarditis?

A

Chordae Tendinae
Papillary muscles

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29
Q

Auscultation of Aortic Valve

A

2nd ICS R Parasternal

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30
Q

Auscultation of Pulmonic Valve

A

2nd ICS L Parasternal

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31
Q

Auscultation of Mitral Valve

A

5th ICS L Midclavicular line

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32
Q

Auscultation of Tricuspid Valve

A

3rd, 4th, 5th, L ICS Parasternal

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33
Q

The heart structure in fetus that bridges the Atrium together

A

Foramen Ovale

34
Q

The heart structure in fetus that bridges the Pulmonary Trunk to the Aorta (Also bypass the liver into the IVC)

A

Ductus Arteriosus

35
Q

What do you call the depression in the heart that forms after the closure of Foramen Ovale?

A

Fossa Ovalis

36
Q

What do you call the small fibrous remnant of the Ductus Arteriosus?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

37
Q

Which artery supplies the ascending aorta and surrounds the heart?

A

Coronary Artery

38
Q

Branches of the RCA and the structures it supplies blood to

A

SA Nodal artery: 60% of SA Node
R Marginal artery: RV
Post Interventricular artery: RV, LV, IV Septum
AV Nodal artery: AV Node

39
Q

Branches of the LCA and the structures it supplies blood to

A

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LADA): RV, LV, IV Septum
Circumflex Artery: 40% of SA node, LV

40
Q

What happens during S1 heart sound?

A

Closing of AV valves after atrial contraction

41
Q

What happens during S2 heart sound?

A

Closing of SL valves after ventricular contraction

42
Q

What happens during S3 heart sound?

A

Rapid ventricular filling

43
Q

Indication of a S3 heart sound?

A

Early diastole
Aortic/Mitral regurgitation
Constrictive Pericarditis
CHF

44
Q

What happens during S4 heart sound?

A

Atrial gallop; rapid filling of ventricles

45
Q

Indication of S4 heart sound

A

Myocardial Infarction
HTN

46
Q

Status of valves during Systole

A

AV: Closed
SL: Open

47
Q

Status of valves during Diastole

A

AV: Open
SL: Closed

48
Q

What happens during Isovolumetric Contraction?

A

Ventricular contraction closes the Tricuspid valve
Both AV and SL valves are closed

49
Q

What happens during Isovolumetric Relaxation?

A

SL valves close to prevent backflow
AV valves open to restart the cycle

50
Q

Valvular condition wherein there is narrowing of the Valves

A

Stenosis

51
Q

Valvular insufficiency d/t enlargement, redundancy of floppy valves

A

Regurgitation

52
Q

Regurgitation leads to what abnormal process?

A

Backflow of the blood

53
Q

Location of SA node

A

Superior but lateral to the wall of R atrium

54
Q

Range of HR when SA node is active

A

60-100 bpm

55
Q

Another name for the AV node

A

Junctional node

56
Q

Location of the AV node

A

IA septum

57
Q

Most common site of heart block

A

AV node

58
Q

Range of HR when SA node is absent

A

40-60 bpm

59
Q

Location of the Bundle of His

A

IV septum

60
Q

The largest pacemaker

A

Purkinje fibers

61
Q

Location of Purkinje fibers

A

L and R ventricles

62
Q

Range of HR when both SA and AV node is absent

A

20-40 bpm

63
Q

Represents the force the heart generates with each contraction left ventricle (systole) and the resting pressure between beats (diastole)

A

Pulse pressure

64
Q

Normal pulse pressure

A

40 mmHg

65
Q

Formula for pulse pressure

A

SBP - DBP

66
Q

Amount of blood pumped by heart per contraction/beat

A

Stroke volume

67
Q

Formula for stroke volume

A

EDV-ESV

68
Q

Normal EDV

A

120 mL

69
Q

Normal ESV

A

50 mL

70
Q

Normal SV

A

55-100 mL

71
Q

Volume of blood pumped by the minute of the heart.

A

Cardiac output

72
Q

Formula for Cardiac output

A

SV x HR

73
Q

Normal amount of cardiac output

A

4-6 L

74
Q

An average blood pressure in the arteries during a single cardiac cycle.

A

Mean arterial pressure

75
Q

Formula for MAP

A

DBP + 1/3(PP)

76
Q

Normal MAP

A

70-110 mmHg

77
Q

Formula for MVO2

A

HR x SBP

78
Q

Location of baroreceptors/pressoreceptors

A

Aortic arch wall
Carotid sinus

79
Q

How does baroreceptors react to irregular heart rhythms?

A

Results in electrolyte imbalance and/or ischemia

80
Q

What do baroreceptors/pressoreceptors do?

A

Detect stretch and pressure

Cardio (15 decks)

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