Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards
What is PVD?
conditions affecting peripheral arteries and veins, interfering with normal blood flow
What is the cause of Peripheral Arterial Disease?
Arteriosclerosis, and Atherosclerosis
Is PVD/PAD more common in men or women?
Men
When does collateral circulation develop?
When a vessel is about 60% occluded
What are the risk factors of PAD?
Obesity
Hypertension
Hypercholesterolemia
Physical Inactivity
What are the clinical manifestations of PAD?
Intermittent Claudication
- cramp like pains in the legs due to poor circulation
- very thick toenails
- ulcerations that look like hole punches
- keep legs DOWN not elevated
What are diagnostic tests for PAD?
Ankle-Brachial index=BP on ankle, then BP on arm to see how to close they are
Treadmill exercise arterial studies=patient should be able to walk at 1.5mph for 5 mins may see BP drop in ankles if there is intermittent claudication
Angiography=catheter will be placed in legs and dye put it to find block
What is used in the management of PAD?
Progressive strenuous exercise
Primarily aspirin a day=81mg a day
Surgical Revascularization with bypass
Pathophysiology of CVI?
CVI is usually due to vein incompetence
CVI puts a patient at risk for DVT
Anyone who stands for long periods without moving puts you at risk for DVT and CVI
What are risk factors of CVI?
Being Female Obesity Inactivity Pregnancy Varicose veins
What are manifestations of CVI?
Edema that increases with Standing
Hyperpigmentation will be dark brown not red
Weeping dermatitis (always wet)
Irregular Ulcerations
What are used in managing CVI?
Exercise Regularly
Avoid crossing legs and tight fitting clothes
Avoid long periods of sitting or standing
Assessing the patient with CVI/PAD
CVI will have some hair present, but PAD patients will have no hair present
In treating the patient with CVI/PAD what are important interventions?
Get patient moving to promote wound healing
Abstain from tobacco and alcohol
