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Exam 2 > Coronary Artery Disease > Flashcards

Coronary Artery Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for Coronary Artery Disease?

A

Ischemic Heart Disease

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2
Q

What is the leading cause death in the US?

A

CV disease of both genders of all races and ethnic groups

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3
Q

Why do 60% of patients die in the first hour of experiencing an MI?

A

Most people are in Denial

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4
Q

What is Arteriosclerosis?

A

Thickening and reduced elasticity of arterial walls

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5
Q

What is Atherosclerosis?

A

is the abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits (LDL) and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and lumen
it is a type of arteriosclerosis – most common culprit of CAD
Most common place is in the vessels that supply the heart

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6
Q

What is Coronary Atherosclerosis?

A

blockages and narrowing reduce blood flow to myocardium

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7
Q

Where does plaque tend to accumulate?

A

The bifurcations in the coronary arteries

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8
Q

What are Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD?

A

Advancing Age, male gender, genetics

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9
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for CAD?

A 
Hypertension
Obesity
Smoking
Stress
Physical Inactivity
Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperlipidemia
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10
Q

Is salt with iodide important in diet?

A

YES it is VERY important

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11
Q

What are emerging risk factors of CAD?

A

Elevated homocysteine
Elevated C-reactive protein
Metabolic Syndrome

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12
Q

What are risk factors specific to women?

A

Premature menopause
Oral Contraceptives
Hormone replacement

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13
Q

What are general risk factors for CAD?

A

Fasting glucose> 100
Elevated Triglycerides
Elevated C-reactive Protein

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14
Q

What is blood flow regulated by?

A

Aortic pressure
Heart Rate
Collateral Circulation
Atherosclerosis-most common cause

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15
Q

In relation to Ischemia, what increases oxygen demand?

A 
Exercise
Eating
Exposure to cold
Emotions 
Hypertension
Sexual Activity
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16
Q

In relation to Ischemia, what signifies inadequate oxygen supply?

A 
Coronary Artery Spasm
CAD
Anemia
Smoking
Hypotension or Dysrhythmia
17
Q

What is Angina Pectoris?

A

Temporary, reversible imbalance between supply and demand.
Transient, substernal chest, jaw, arm, shoulder, or neck pain or pressure caused by insufficient coronary blood blood flow.
Described as burning, squeezing, suffocating, heaviness or pressure.
Sometimes experience a feeling of sudden death

18
Q

Do Women have different symptoms than men?

A

Yes, women may experience nausea, vomiting, fatigue, upperback pain

19
Q

What is the most common cause of Angina?

A

Exercise

20
Q

What are the categories of Angina

A

Stable
Unstable
Prinzmetal’s

21
Q

What is Stable Angina?

A

Usually brought on by exercise

22
Q

What is unstable Angina?

A

Angina felt during rest

23
Q

What is Prinzmetal’s Angina?

A

Usually at rest and during the middle of the night

24
Q

What are some nursing interventions?

A

Ask if they have a history of smoking
Give them nitro under the tongue and should be sitting or laying down
Administer O2
Assess VS, Respiratory Distress, and Heart and Lung sounds

25
Q

What are diagnostic tests?

A 
12 lead ECG
Cardiac specific Troponin and Myoglobin
Full Lipid Profile
CBC
C-reactive protein
Chest X-ray
Echocardiogram
Coronary Angiography
26
Q

What is involved in Angina Pectoris management?

A

Rest, Nitro sublingual, and oxygen
Medication
Reperfussion: PTCA and CABG

27
Q

Conservative management of Angina Pectoris

A

Smoking Cessation
Diet=Reduce Fat, Lower LDL levels, Moderate alcohol intake, lose weight if overweight.
Decrease Sodium
Exercise

28
Q

What are the meds used in treatment of Coronary Artery Disease?

A 
Nitroglycerin
Calcium Channel Blockers
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Drugs used to lower cholesterol
Antiplatelet
29
Q

Clinical manifestations of Angina

A

Chest pain substernal may radiate
Pain typically occurs after precipitating event: exercise, stress, heavy meal
Relieving Factors: Rest, NTG
Activity, Pain, Rest, Relief

30
Q

Clinical manifestations of MI

A

Chest pain lasting more than 15-20 minutes, dyspnea, tachycardia, anxiety, diaphoresis, N/V, decreased LOC
Unrelieved by NTG and Rest
Women-Atypical pain

31
Q

Where do most occlusions occur?

A

The widowmaker the Left anterior descending artery

32
Q

What is MONAB

A

Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin, Beta blockers

33
Q

What are the treatment goals when collaborating with other professionals?

A 
Relieve chest pain
Reduce extent of myocardial damage
Re-perfuse myocardium
Maintain cardiovascular stability
Decrease Cardiac Workload
34
Q

What are diagnostic tests of MI?

A 
ECG
Cardiac Markers such as 
Creatine Kinase which shows cardiac muscle damage
Troponins T and I
Myoglobin if negative no damage
T wave inversion usually shows ischemia
Bizarre Q wave
35
Q

Elevation of what segment indicates an MI?

A

ST segment and only needs to be a 1mm elevation to indicate MI

36
Q

What is used for management of MI?

A

Aspirin and ECG and Nitro
Fibrinolytics can only be given in a short time frame
12 lead ECG
ACEI, antidysrhytmics

37
Q

What are the revascularization procedures?

A 
PTCA
CABG
-90% totally relieved
-Heart Stopped during surgery
-Heart is stopped and blood flow is maintained by machine

Exam 2 (13 decks)

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