Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What is Cardiomyopathy?
Disease of Myocardial Fibers
Progressive disease
Many liver for years without knowing they have disease.
What is Primary Cardiomyopathy?
Mostly idiopathic condition
Second most caused by genetic predisposition
First degree family members should be tested
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Myocardium too thin
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Myocardium too thick
Especially in Septum
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Left ventricle too thick, Right Ventricle Ok
What is the most common Cardiomyopathy?
Dilated=87%
Affects middle-aged men mostly
decreases EJF
if untreated can lead to biventricular HF
Risk factors of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic=50%
Familial=20-35%
Alcoholics
Chemotherapy
What is specifically dangerous about Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
It can lead to Embolism due to blood pooling
Clinical manifestations of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Develop gradually Orthopnea Dizziness, Weakness, Dyspnea Maybe Elevated BP can be hard to distinguish between hypertrophic and dilated
Diagnostic tests for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
1 is History and Physical
Echocardiogram
Cardiac Catheterization
Treatments for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Heart Transplant (only cure)-Alcoholics and obese may not qualify
LV (left ventricle) assist device
Anticoagulants
If untreated=death within 5 years
General info on Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Sudden death is first sign
Usually diagnosed after puberty
Disease of Sarcomere
Sometimes septal hypertrophy impedes blood flow
Risk factors of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
50% genetic
HTN
Idiopathic
Clinical manifestations of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Most usually assume it is angina
Nitro doesn’t help-could hurt patient
DYSPNEA from backup pressure
Beta-blockers drug of choice
Diagnostics for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Get as much info in History and Physical as you can
Echo is most useful
ECG=want to see how heart acts under exercion
Treatments of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Want to prevent heart failure
Beta-blockers, Ca Channel Blockers, Anticoagulants, Antiarhytmics
Surgery if patient doesn’t respond well to meds
General info of Restrictive Cardiomyopaty
Least Common
See in older adults
Heart isn’t filling properly
What is the cause of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
Idiopathic/Genetic
Many won’t receive heart transplants as genetic factors will cause donor heart to become restrictive as well
Diagnostic tests for Restrictive
Echo-most useful
H&P
Myocardial Biopsy
Treatments for Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Lots of bed rest=avoid stress May need Pacemaker or ICDs Beta-blockers Ca Channel Blockers Anticoagulants
Assessment of patient
Patients may be asymptomatic for a long time
Early signs can be respiratory
Do thorough check of Respiratory and CV systems
Planning for patient
Make sure patient maintains BP and good gas exchange
Implementation: Monitor Cardiac Output
Be familiar with lung sounds
Monitor BNP levels
