Hypertension Drugs Flashcards
How do ACE Inhibitors work?
- Works in the Lungs and inhibits the enzyme which converts Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
- Routinely Given to diabetics even if not hypertensive to prevent Kidney Damage
- Decrease in Aldosterone, small increase in K and monitor
What are some contraindications of Captopril?
- It can decrease lactation
- Decreases Peripheral Resistance=Cautious CHF
What are adverse effects of ACEI such as Captopril?
- Cause Subtle Dry Coughs
- Reacts with NSAIDS=Decrease Antihypertensive effects
- Reacts with Allopurinol=Gout
How should Captopril be taken?
- On an empty stomach
- Assess renal function, salt volume depletion, and heart failure
How does Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker) work and what is indicated for?
- Binds with Angiotensin II to stop vasoconstriction and prevent release of Aldosterone
- Used in CHF patients who can’t tolerate ACE
- Metabolized by cytochrome P450 in Liver
When is Losartan contraindicated and what are adverse effects of it?
Contraindication=Renal Dysfunction
Adverse effects= Rapid drops in BP, headache, dizziness, weakness
TAKE BP
When is Losartan cautioned?
Hypovolemia
How does Diltiazem(Ca Channel blocker) work and when is it indicated?
Inhibits movement of calcium ions and causes slow conduction. HEART RECEIVES BETTER OXYGENATION.
Works well with Angina and decreases cardiac workload
What are contraindications and adverse effects of Diltiazem?
Contraindications=Heart Block, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Renal dysfunction, lactation, pregnancy, etc.
Adverse=Related to effects on Cardiac Output, Cardiovascular symptoms
What is the main use of Ca Channel blockers?
Treatment of Angina/ Taken twice a day
How does Nitroprusside (vasodilator) work and indications?
-Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle and causes vasodilation
Indications=Severe Hypertension
What are the adverse effects and the cautious use of Nitroprusside?
Adverse=Cyanide Toxicity, GI upset
Cautious=PVD, CAD, CHF, tachycardia
