Peripheral NS Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Most of the clinically useful ANS drugs affect _____.
efferent neurons
____ connects the CNS to peripheral tissues.
A single neuron
____ connects the ANS to peripheral tissues.
A double-neuron connection
_____ neurons originate in the cranial nerve nuclei and sacral spinal cord.
Parasympathetic
Parasympathetic neurons originate in the ____ and ____.
cranial nerve nuclei and sacral spinal cord
____ neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord.
Sympathetic
Sympathetic neurons originate in the ____ and _____.
thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
_____ ganglia are located in the innervated organs.
Parasympathetic
Parasympathetic ganglia are located ______.
in the innervated organs
Sympathetic ganglia are located _____.
in 2 paravertebral chains along the spinal cord or in prevertebral ganglia in the abdomen
_____ ganglia are located in 2 paravertebral chains along the spinal cord or in prevertebral ganglia in the abdomen.
Sympathetic
_____ neurons are long.
Preganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic
Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are ____.
long
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are ____.
short
_____ neurons are short.
Preganglionic sympathetic and postganglionic parasympathetic
___ is released from cholinergic neurons.
ACh
ACh is released from _____ neurons.
cholinergic
____ is released from adrenergic neurons.
NE
NE is released from _____ neurons.
adrenergic
What are the 2 subtypes of cholinergic receptors?
nicotinic and muscarinic
What are the 2 subtypes of adrenergic receptors?
alpha and beta
Blood vessels receive _____ innervation ONLY.
sympathetic
The predominant control is by the ____ branch of the nervous system.
parasympathetic
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
rest and digest increased GI motility emptying of bladder and rectum pupil constriction slowed HR and BP
Which nervous system branch? rest and digest increased GI motility emptying of bladder and rectum pupil constriction slowed HR and BP
PNS
Which nervous system branch? fight or flight rise in blood glucose blood flow to skeletal muscle dilation of bronchioles and pupils increased HR and BP
SNS
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
fight or flight rise in blood glucose blood flow to skeletal muscle dilation of bronchioles and pupils increased HR and BP
What are the effects of muscarinic receptor binding to the postganglionic effector organs?
Parasympathetic effects
What are the effects mediated by the nicotinic neuronal receptors at autonomic ganglia?
SNS effects
What is the effect on BP of alpha-1 receptor activation?
vasoconstriction
What is the effect on BP of beta-1 receptor activation?
increased HR and force of contraction
What is the effect on BP of beta-2 receptor activation?
vasodilation
What is the effect on BP of alpha-2 receptor activation?
decrease in SNS outflow
What is the postural baroreceptor reflex arc?
an acute compensatory response involved in moment-to-moment adjustments in BP
This is an acute compensatory response involved in moment-to-moment adjustments in BP.
the postural baroreceptor reflex arc
How is the postural baroreceptor activated?
increased stretch from increased arterial pressure
What is RAAS?
long term compensatory response involved in BP adjustment
This is a long term compensatory response involved in BP adjustment.
RAAS
How is RAAS initiated?
a decrease in renal blood flow
What does decreased renal blood flow initiate?
RAAS
