Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

aNeuro Exam I- Lindsey's > Neurons, Glia, Brain Tissue > Flashcards

Neurons, Glia, Brain Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

White matter contains mostly _____.

A

myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myelin consists of?

A

fat/lipid bilayers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gray matter is collections of ___, ____, and _____.

A

cell bodies, dendrites, synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cell bodies all live in the _____.

A

gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

a collection of neural cell bodies outside of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is a collection of neural cell bodies outside of the CNS.

A

a ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a primary afferent neuron?

A

the first neuron that receives info from the outside world and relays it toward the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This is the first neuron that receives info from the outside world and relays it toward the CNS.

A

a primary afferent neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a primary efferent neuron?

A

the first neuron that directs info from the CNS to the effector cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is the first neuron that directs info from the CNS to the effector cell.

A

a primary efferent neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are glial cells?

A

the supportive cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neurons contain many mitochondria and distinctive collections of rough ER called _____.

A

Nissl substance (Nissl bodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neurons contain many mitochondria and distinctive collections of ____ called Nissl substance (Nissl bodies)

A

rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can the CNS axons regenerate?

A

yes, but the astrocytes prevent regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 6 functions of glia.

A 
potassium buffering
recycling of neurotransmitters
nutrient support
myelination
BBB
supply of growth and trophic factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Name the cell that possesses these functions?
potassium buffering
recycling of neurotransmitters
nutrient support
myelination
BBB
supply of growth and trophic factors
A

glial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Conduction in a neuron (pathway) is?

A

dendrite–> cell body (soma)–> axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In general, axons of this diameter are myelinated.

A

> 1 micrometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In general, axons >1 micrometer diameter are ______.

A

myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a synapse?

A

where the end of an axon contacts the dendrite of the next cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This is where the end of an axon contacts the dendrite of the next cell.

A

a synapse

22
Q

Most synapses are ____ in nature.

A

chemical

23
Q

Where are NTs packaged?

A

in vesicles in the presynaptic terminal

24
Q

When an AP reaches the terminal, _____ influx permits fusion of the vesicles within the plasma membrane, thereby dumping NT.

A

Ca++

25
Q

Name 2 general classes of NT receptors.

A

ionotropic and metabotropic

26
Q

What is an ionotropic receptor?

A

a receptor that allows the flow of ions to depolarize or hyperpolarize a cell

27
Q

This is a receptor that allows the flow of ions to depolarize or hyperpolarize a cell.

A

ionotropic receptor

28
Q

What is a metabotropic receptor?

A

receptors that activate 2nd messenger systems w/I the neuron

29
Q

This is a receptor that activates 2nd messenger systems w/I the neuron.

A

metabotropic receptors

30
Q

Name 3 types of glial cells within the CNS.

A

microglia
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes

31
Q

What is the major type of glial cell in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

32
Q

What are microglia?

A

tiny, phagocytic glial cells in the CNS
arise outside the neural tube
key role in chronic pain syndrome

33
Q

Name 2 types of glia that form myelin.

A

oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

34
Q

What is an oligodendrocyte?

A

cells that form the myelin in the CNS; can myelinate several axons

35
Q

Name the cell:
tiny, phagocytic glial cells in the CNS
arise outside the neural tube
key role in chronic pain syndrome

A

microglia

36
Q

These cells form the myelin in the CNS; can myelinate several axons

A

an oligodendrocyte

37
Q

What is a Schwann cell?

A

cells that form the myelin in the PNS; can myelinate only one axon

38
Q

These cells form the myelin in the PNS; can myelinate only one axon.

A

Schwann cells

39
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A 
large, star-shaped glia
maintain ionic equilibrium
remove extra K+
clear and recycle NTs 
convert glutamate to glutamine
envelop all CNS blood vessels and regulate blood flow
40
Q 
Name the cell:
large, star-shaped glia
maintain ionic equilibrium
remove extra K+
clear and recycle NTs 
convert glutamate to glutamine
envelop all CNS blood vessels and regulate blood flow
A

an astrocyte

41
Q

Minor damage to peripheral nerves is usually repaired by _____, which is facilitated by _____.

A

regeneration of the damaged axons; Schwann cells

42
Q

What happens when the CNS is damaged?

A

oligodendroglia don’t clear the debris; a glial scar is formed to prevent axonal regeneration

43
Q

How are proteins transported from the nucleus to the axon terminal and back?

A

by axoplasmic flow

44
Q

What is axoplasmic flow?

A

the active transport of proteins from the nucleus to the axon terminal and back

45
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

it makes the ribosomes

46
Q

Neurons make a larger diversity of _____ and a larger amount of them.

A

proteins

47
Q

What are breaks in the myelin sheath called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

48
Q

What is a Node of Ranvier?

A

a break in the myelin sheath

49
Q

Myelin increases conduction velocity by a factor of ___.

A

10

50
Q

A local increase in neuronal activity results in a substantial increase in _____.

A

local blood flow

51
Q

What is an increase in neuronal activity, thereby increasing blood flow, called?

A

functional hyperemia

52
Q

How is blood flow increase with increased neuronal activity?

A

they release NO and nearby astrocytes convert glutamate to EET to dilate the BVs

aNeuro Exam I- Lindsey's (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions