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aNeuro Exam I- Lindsey's > Embryology I > Flashcards

Embryology I Flashcards

1
Q

What does the metencephalon become?

A
  • the brain stem
  • pons
  • cerebellum
  • 4th ventricle
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2
Q

Where does neural cell proliferation occur?

A

in the ventricular zones (near the lumen of the neural tube)

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3
Q

In the telecephalon, the gray matter is located ____.

A

on the outside

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4
Q

The notocord will eventually develop into the _____.

A

nucleus pulposus

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5
Q

The neural progenitors of the spinal cord closest to the ventral aspect of the neural tube will develop into _____.

A

motor neurons

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6
Q

The _____ will eventually develop into the nucleus pulposus.

A

notocord

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7
Q

What is the cephalic flexure?

A

the bend btw the brain and brainstem/diecephalon and mesencephalon

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8
Q

How many segments does the prosencephalic vescicle form into?

A

3

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9
Q

The ____ plate becomes the afferent side of the spinal tract.

A

alar

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10
Q

A signal from the implanting trophoblast induces a “head organizer” that generates factor _____.

A

Cerebrus

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11
Q

Above the cephalic flexure, the dorsal direction is towards the top of the head, while below it, the dorsal direction is ______.

A

towards the back

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12
Q

How does sonic hedgehog (Shh) influence neurulation?

A

it induces the overlying ectoderm to divide, creating the neural plate

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13
Q

The caudal cell mass at day 28-32 ultimately gives rise to the ____ and ____.

A
  • conus medullaris
  • filum terminale
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14
Q

____ genes play a fundamental role in the AP patterning of nervous tissue.

A

Homeobox

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15
Q

Above the cephalic flexure, the dorsal direction is ______, while below it, the dorsal direction is towards the back.

A

towards the top of the head

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16
Q

What does the sulcus limitans do?

A

separates the ventral population from the dorsal population in the neural tube

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17
Q

How many rhombomeres are there?

A

8

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18
Q

From which embryological structure do the cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles all arise?

A

the telecephalon

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19
Q

In the forebrain, the neural tube will develop into what 3 discrete proliferative zones?

A
  1. cortex (dorsal)
  2. ganglionic eminences (medial and lateral)
  3. basal forebrain (ventral)
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20
Q

In the spinal cord, the gray matter is located ____.

A

on the inside

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21
Q

The _____ plate becomes the efferent side of the spinal tract.

A

basal

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22
Q

How many cell layers make up the cerebral cortex?

A

6

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23
Q

The basal plate becomes the ______ side of the spinal tract.

A

efferent

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24
Q

For patterning along the AP(RC) axis, the principal morphogens appear to be ____, ____, and _____.

A
  • Wnts
  • FGFs
  • Retinoic Acid (RA)
25
Q

Hox genes cause the development of _____.

A

the 8 rhombomeres

26
Q

What axis does an entering sperm into an egg create?

A

the embryonic/abembryonic axis

27
Q

___ genes cause the development of the 8 rhombomeres.

A

Hox

28
Q

Hox gene expression varies according to position along the _____.

A

AP axis

29
Q

Above the ______, the dorsal direction is towards the top of the head, while below it, the dorsal direction is towards the back.

A

cephalic flexure

30
Q

The alar plate becomes the ______ side of the spinal tract.

A

afferent

31
Q

The edge that leads implantation will become the ____ end of the embryo.

A

caudal

32
Q

From which embryological structure do the the brain stem, pons, cerebellum, and 4th ventricle all arise?

A

the metencephalon

33
Q

On what side of the blastocyst does implantation occur?

A

the ICM side

34
Q

What does the myelencephalon become?

A
  • the brain stem
  • medulla oblongata
  • 4th ventricle
35
Q

What signaling molecule does the notocord release?

A

sonic hedgehog (Shh)

36
Q

What does the mesecephalon become?

A
  • the brain stem
  • midbrain
  • cerebral aqueduct
37
Q

What does the dorsal population of neural tube cells become?

A

the alar plate

38
Q

What is the first event that establishes symmetry in the mammalian egg?

A

sperm entry

39
Q

The gray matter regions will become either the ____ plate or the _____ plate.

A

basal; alar

40
Q

From which embryological structure do the brain stem, medulla oblongata, and 4th ventricle all arise?

A

the myelencephalon

41
Q

The fiber pathway that splits the ganglionic eminence is the _____.

A

internal capsule

42
Q

What causes dorsoventral patterning in the forebrain?

A
  • morphogen gradients
  • regional gene transcription changes
43
Q

What does the ventral population of neural tube cells become?

A

the basal plate

44
Q

From which embryological structure do the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and third ventricle all arise?

A

the diencephalon

45
Q

From which embryological structure do the brain stem, midbrain, and cerebral aqueduct all arise?

A

the mesecephalon

46
Q

What are the components of the basal ganglia?

A
  • putamen
  • globus pallidus
  • caudate nucleus
47
Q

During cell migration in the telencephalon, each successive migration forms a more ______ layer of cells.

A

superficial

48
Q

The neural progenitors of the spinal cord develop into distinct populations based on _____.

A

their position along the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis

49
Q

Excess _____ causes an excess of posterior structures and is a powerful teratogen.

A

Retinoic Acid (RA)

50
Q

What does the diencephalon become?

A
  • the thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • epithalamus
  • third ventricle
51
Q

What does the endoderm form?

A

the lining of the gut

52
Q

How many segments does the mesencephalic vescicle form into?

A

none

53
Q

What is the crease in the neural tube called?

A

the sulcus limitans

54
Q

What is the sulcus limitans?

A

the crease in the neural tube

55
Q

The cells making up the walls of the neural tube become ____ and ____ cells.

A

neurons; glial

56
Q

How are the lateral ventricles connected?

A

they’re not- they connect to the 3rd ventricle

57
Q

What does the telencephalon become?

A
  • the cerebral hemispheres
  • lateral ventricles
58
Q

How many segments does the rhombencephalic vescicle form into?

A

2

aNeuro Exam I- Lindsey's (26 decks)

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