Peripheral Nervous System 2 Flashcards
A type of touch receptor found in the hair root, eyes and located at the epidermis is called
Free nerve ending
What kind of hair movements is found at the free nerve ending touch receptor?
itching and tickling movements
Which touch receptor form the touch domes?
Merkels receptors
Which touch receptor senses texture and steady pressure and located in the epidermis?
Merkels receptors
A type of touch receptor touch receptors found in the fingernails and mammary glands is
Merkels receptors.
which touch receptor is used for sensing light touch and is found In the epidermis?
Meissner’s corpuscles
which touch receptor is abundant in the fingers, lips, and nipples?
Meissner’s corpuscles
the touch receptor that has hair movements like fluttering and stroking movements is
Meissner’s corpuscles
Which touch receptor measures skin stretch and skin deformation and is found in the deep layers/dermal region of the skin?
Ruffini corpuscles
the very large touch receptor in the dermis which senses deep pressure and is sensitive to vibration is called
Pacinian corpuscles
touch receptor connected to the afferent neuron and facilitate quick transmission to CNS is known as….
Pacinian corpuscles
What is Nociception?
pain
Nociceptors means
Pain receptors
pain can be ____________ or ___________
fast or slow
Sharp, stabbing or acute pain is known as
Fast pain
Fast pain is carried by a small _____________ Fibre called _________
Myelinated Fibre called A8
Fast pain travels with the speed of
6 - 30m/sec
Throbbing, aching and burning pain are what kind of pain?
Slow pain
Kind of pain carried by small unmyelinated Fibre called
Slow pain…… Fibre called C fibre
Which type of paon travels with the speed of 1 - 2m/per sec
Slow pain
Pain felt in muscle, body and soreness is known as
Somatic pain
Pain from the internal organs but are sensed in the skin surface is called
Referred/visceral pain
Heart pain felt on the left arm ad left shoulder is what kind of pain?
Visceral or referred pain
Gallbladder & liver pain felt on the right scapula/shoulder is
Visceral /referred pain
Pain felt when a nerve has been damaged, infected or pinched and it’s a chronic pain is called
Neuropathic pain
Pain in the missing limb is
Phantom pain
The nerve forms _______where the limb is cut off
Neuromas
What kind of pain is seen in Amputees?
Phantom pain
What’s is substance P pain pathway?
It’s a pain neurotransmitters
Where is substance P secreted?
At the junction by the first order Neuron.
Is substance P secreted and released by Afferent? Yes or No
Yea
What excites the Dorsal horn?
Substance P pain
The overall control center of substance P pain pathway is
Higher cortex
What’s the major excitatory neurotransmitters for pain?
Glutamate
How is Glumate different from Substance P pathway?
Type of receptor they use
Glutamate has 2 receptors namely
AMPA: Amino Methyl Phosphoric Acid
NMDA : N-methyl D-aspartate
Which of the Glutamate receptors opens up a sodium-potassium channel and causes an Action potential?
AMPA
The Glutamate receptor that is not an ionic receptor is
NMDA
NMDA causes the opening and secretion of the what type of messenger and it’s name?
Second messenger called Calcuim
What is known as Calcuim second messenger system?
NMDA
Which type of glutamate receptor has a hypersensitive and excitotoxicity pathway?
NMDA
The pathway that amplifies the signal and makes the pain signal much bigger than it is, is called?
NMDA
A patient that feels pain much more that they should even by mere touching them or removing their plaster is due to what?
Glutamate as a result of NMDA
What sits at the Dorsal horn and serves as a pain blocker?
Opiates
Where do the opiates work?
The Dorsal horn
Humans have lots of Endogenous opiates namely?
- Endorphins
- Enkephalins
- Dynorphins
2 types of pathways for Pain are?
- Substance P pain pathway
- Glutamate pain pathway
Endorphins, Enkephalins, Dynorphins are usually known as
Endogenous opiates or
Natural pain suppressants.
Do the endogenous opiates more effective than regular Morphin and do they need to be stimulated to work?
Yes, endogenous opiates are more effective in handling pain and they need to be stimulated
What can stimulate endogenous opiates?
Runner’s high
Another function of Endogenous opiates aside from pain control is
Finishing a challenging task
Are mood and emotions controlled by endogenous opiates?
Yes
The neuro modulators(peptide) released internally to control pain is called
Endogenous opiates
What excites these neuro modulators?
Regular exercises and sometimes.. Volunteering
What does heavy alcohol drinkers and heavy eaters have difficulty in releasing?
Endogenous opiates
