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Midterm 2 - Physiology > Peripheral Nervous System 2 > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A type of touch receptor found in the hair root, eyes and located at the epidermis is called

A

Free nerve ending

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2
Q

What kind of hair movements is found at the free nerve ending touch receptor?

A

itching and tickling movements

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3
Q

Which touch receptor form the touch domes?

A

Merkels receptors

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4
Q

Which touch receptor senses texture and steady pressure and located in the epidermis?

A

Merkels receptors

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5
Q

A type of touch receptor touch receptors found in the fingernails and mammary glands is

A

Merkels receptors.

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6
Q

which touch receptor is used for sensing light touch and is found In the epidermis?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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7
Q

which touch receptor is abundant in the fingers, lips, and nipples?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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8
Q

the touch receptor that has hair movements like fluttering and stroking movements is

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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9
Q

Which touch receptor measures skin stretch and skin deformation and is found in the deep layers/dermal region of the skin?

A

Ruffini corpuscles

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10
Q

the very large touch receptor in the dermis which senses deep pressure and is sensitive to vibration is called

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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11
Q

touch receptor connected to the afferent neuron and facilitate quick transmission to CNS is known as….

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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12
Q

What is Nociception?

A

pain

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13
Q

Nociceptors means

A

Pain receptors

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14
Q

pain can be ____________ or ___________

A

fast or slow

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15
Q

Sharp, stabbing or acute pain is known as

A

Fast pain

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16
Q

Fast pain is carried by a small _____________ Fibre called _________

A

Myelinated Fibre called A8

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17
Q

Fast pain travels with the speed of

A

6 - 30m/sec

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18
Q

Throbbing, aching and burning pain are what kind of pain?

A

Slow pain

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19
Q

Kind of pain carried by small unmyelinated Fibre called

A

Slow pain…… Fibre called C fibre

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20
Q

Which type of paon travels with the speed of 1 - 2m/per sec

A

Slow pain

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21
Q

Pain felt in muscle, body and soreness is known as

A

Somatic pain

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22
Q

Pain from the internal organs but are sensed in the skin surface is called

A

Referred/visceral pain

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23
Q

Heart pain felt on the left arm ad left shoulder is what kind of pain?

A

Visceral or referred pain

24
Q

Gallbladder & liver pain felt on the right scapula/shoulder is

A

Visceral /referred pain

25
Q

Pain felt when a nerve has been damaged, infected or pinched and it’s a chronic pain is called

A

Neuropathic pain

26
Q

Pain in the missing limb is

A

Phantom pain

27
Q

The nerve forms _______where the limb is cut off

A

Neuromas

28
Q

What kind of pain is seen in Amputees?

A

Phantom pain

29
Q

What’s is substance P pain pathway?

A

It’s a pain neurotransmitters

30
Q

Where is substance P secreted?

A

At the junction by the first order Neuron.

31
Q

Is substance P secreted and released by Afferent? Yes or No

A

Yea

32
Q

What excites the Dorsal horn?

A

Substance P pain

33
Q

The overall control center of substance P pain pathway is

A

Higher cortex

34
Q

What’s the major excitatory neurotransmitters for pain?

A

Glutamate

35
Q

How is Glumate different from Substance P pathway?

A

Type of receptor they use

36
Q

Glutamate has 2 receptors namely

A

AMPA: Amino Methyl Phosphoric Acid

NMDA : N-methyl D-aspartate

37
Q

Which of the Glutamate receptors opens up a sodium-potassium channel and causes an Action potential?

A

AMPA

38
Q

The Glutamate receptor that is not an ionic receptor is

A

NMDA

39
Q

NMDA causes the opening and secretion of the what type of messenger and it’s name?

A

Second messenger called Calcuim

40
Q

What is known as Calcuim second messenger system?

A

NMDA

41
Q

Which type of glutamate receptor has a hypersensitive and excitotoxicity pathway?

A

NMDA

42
Q

The pathway that amplifies the signal and makes the pain signal much bigger than it is, is called?

A

NMDA

43
Q

A patient that feels pain much more that they should even by mere touching them or removing their plaster is due to what?

A

Glutamate as a result of NMDA

44
Q

What sits at the Dorsal horn and serves as a pain blocker?

A

Opiates

45
Q

Where do the opiates work?

A

The Dorsal horn

46
Q

Humans have lots of Endogenous opiates namely?

A
  1. Endorphins
  2. Enkephalins
  3. Dynorphins
47
Q

2 types of pathways for Pain are?

A
  1. Substance P pain pathway
  2. Glutamate pain pathway
48
Q

Endorphins, Enkephalins, Dynorphins are usually known as

A

Endogenous opiates or
Natural pain suppressants.

49
Q

Do the endogenous opiates more effective than regular Morphin and do they need to be stimulated to work?

A

Yes, endogenous opiates are more effective in handling pain and they need to be stimulated

50
Q

What can stimulate endogenous opiates?

A

Runner’s high

51
Q

Another function of Endogenous opiates aside from pain control is

A

Finishing a challenging task

52
Q

Are mood and emotions controlled by endogenous opiates?

A

Yes

53
Q

The neuro modulators(peptide) released internally to control pain is called

A

Endogenous opiates

54
Q

What excites these neuro modulators?

A

Regular exercises and sometimes.. Volunteering

55
Q

What does heavy alcohol drinkers and heavy eaters have difficulty in releasing?

A

Endogenous opiates

Midterm 2 - Physiology (10 decks)

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