CNS 2 Flashcards
Nothing can enter the brain without crossing the BBB
only soluble things will cross the BBB (so it is semi permeable )
true or False
True
If the BBB have to transport something it has to be soluble otherwise how else can it transport materials?
it will have to use carriers
the gyrus form a furrow deep into the tissues called
sulcus/sulci
_________________ is a prominent fold or ridge of the cerebral cortex,
gyrus/gyri
What is the function of the sulcus?
to increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex
‘____________matter is composed mainly of cell bodies of neurons
Gray matter
white matter is composed mainly of
myelinated axons,
why is white matter called white matter?
cos it appears pale in colour
which area plays a preparatory role in programming complex sequences of movement
supplementary motor area
which area is important in orienting the body and arms towards a specific target
promoter Cortex
Left handed people have right or left cerebral hemisphere
right cerebral hemisphere
which hemisphere are people referred to as creators
Right handed
which hemisphere are people referred to as thinkers
Left-handed
which hemisphere are more artistic , musical people
right-handed
which hemisphere are people who are good in language and math?
Left-handed
which hemisphere are people who are analytical and see the world as fragmented
left-handed
which hemisphere people have non-language skills,
emotional and behavioral and dream imagery
right
Right-handed
95% of people are left or right hemisphere?
left so right-handed
which lobe is Located on the sides of the brain/head and where you have sound input
temporal lobe
The parietal lobe is Located behind or in front of the frontal lobe
behind
what lobe is located at the front of the brain
frontal lobe
your voluntary motor activator is in what lobe
frontal lobe
what lobe is your prime region
frontal lobe
what lobes are the higher motor cortex
frontal and parietal lobes
the central sulcus separates what lobes
frontal and parietal lobes
The primary motor cortex is a region of the cerebral cortex located in the ___________ lobe
frontal lobe
where we see the primary motor cortex being drawn
Homunculus
________________primarily controls muscles on the opposite side of the body
primary motor cortex
_____________depicts the location and amount of motor cortex area devoted to different body parts,
motors homunculus
_____________confers voluntary control over movement produced by skeletal muscles
primary motor cortex
Examples of exaggerated parts of the motor homunculus
fingers/thumb muscles involved in speech the lips, tongues and jaw
The somatosensory cortex is a region of the brain located in the ____ lobe
parietal lobe
____ is responsible for processing sensory information from the body, including touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception
somatosensory cortex
________________ is described as the “sense of self-awareness of body position.”
Proprioception
____________ plays a vital role in everyday activities, such as walking, reaching for objects, and maintaining posture.
Proprioception
___________________ can contribute to difficulties in motor control and coordination.
Dysfunction in proprioception
exaggerated parts of the somatosensory cortex
lips
face
tongue
genitalia
hands
what are the two primary areas for cortical specialization for language?
- Broca’s area
- Wernicke’s area
which area governs speaking ability
Broca’s area
which area is concerned with language comprehension
Wernicke’s area
which is the input and output zone
Broca’s and Wernicke’s area
input = wernickes
output = brocas
the loss of one of the language areas can result in
Aphasias
can aphasia happen during a stroke?
Yes
Lack of Wernicke’s area (comprehension of words) causes what type of aphasia?
receptive aphasia
when you can understand what is said but you can’t properly respond in the right sentence is what type of aphasia?
expressive aphasia
what area of the brain coordinates complex movement
premotor area
In what area of the brain does integration of somatosensory and visual input occur
also, imp for complex movement
posterior parietal cortex
is the supplementary motor cortex visible or not visible?
not visible
what area of the brain does programming of complex movements
supplementary motor cortex
what area of the brain has your personality traits
prefrontal associated cortex
In what area of the brain does decision-making creativity happen
prefrontal association cortex
this lies at the interphase of three other lobes and gives a complete picture of the relationship of your body with the external environment
parietal-temporal-occipital associated cortex
what area of the brain is involved in motivation learning and memory
limbic associated cortex
collection of cell bodies that form little nuclei within the cerebrum
basal nuclei/basal ganglia
functions of the basal nuclei
- inhibiting muscle tone throughout the body
- encourages movement
- inhibits unwanted movement
- they regulate muscle tone
- help monitor contractions especially those related to postures and support
Loss of basal nuclei can lead to
Parkinson’s disease
Huntington’s disease
Tourette’s
Parkinson’s disease is due to the loss of dopamine in the___________
basal nuclei
shuffling gait (dragging their feet or having difficulty lifting their feet off the ground during walking)
reptilian stare (staring without blinking) is associated with what kind of disease?
Parkinson’s disease
Chorea is a symptom associated with what type of disease?
Huntington’s disease
is Huntington’s disease a genetic disorder?
Yes or No
Yes
Tourette’s syndrome is when children produce motor Tics: (These involve involuntary movements or gestures. Examples include blinking, head jerking, shoulder shrugging, or facial grimacing) and causes what kind of dysfunction?
cognitive neuron dysfunction
what houses the thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Thalamus or hypothalamus, which is close to the corpus callosum?
Thalamus
