CNS 4: Reflex & Limbic Sytem

Question 1

the limbic system plays an important role in emotions, motivation, learning, and memory.
Yes or NO

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

which is the first part of the limbic system and also act as memory storage and personality traits?

Answer 2

Cingulate Gyrus

Question 3

Whats the site for emotional drinking behavior?

Answer 3

amygdala

Question 4

what is the site for “fear and pleasure”, ‘better safe than sorry emotions’, fight or flight, and having goosebumps?

Answer 4

Amygdala

Question 5

Depression is treated with?

Answer 5

Prozac which keeps serotonin in the synapse junction a bit longer

Question 6

Depression is believed to involve alterations in the levels of what neurotransmitters, in the brain?

Answer 6

serotonin and norepinephrine,
the synaptic junction are not working

Question 7

formation of new neurons takes place in what part

Answer 7

hippocampus

Question 8

What part of the limbic system/brain do Alzheimer’s patients lose?

Answer 8

hippocampus

Question 9

which part of the limbic system is the site of declarative memories?

Answer 9

hippocampus

Question 10

which part of the limbic system is for memory recall?

Answer 10

Fornix

Question 11

which part of the limbic system is responsible for emotions (such as aggression, sex, anger etc) expressed in gestures?

Answer 11

cingulate Gyrus

Question 12

Site for stomach butterflies(Anxiety) and piloerection( standing hair follicles)?

Answer 12

amygdala

Question 13

site for basic inborn behavioural patterns related to survival and perpetuation of the species

Answer 13

limbic system - amygdala

Question 14

how many pairs of spinal nerves does the spinal cord have?

Answer 14

31 pairs
8 pairs of cervical (neck) nerve
12 pairs Thoracic (chest) nerves
5 pairs Lumbar (abdominal) nerves
5 pairs Sacral (pelvic) nerves
1 pair of coccygeal (tailbone) nerve

Question 15

is the spinal cord the tail end of the CNS
yes or No

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

integrating center for spinal reflexes is?

Answer 16

spinal cord

Question 17

the spinal cord is the neural link between

Answer 17

the brain and the PNS

Question 18

When a patient is diagnosed with meningitis, a sample of the CSF is needed, how can the clinician retrieve this sample of CSF?

Answer 18

Through the Cauda Equina

Question 19

Site for epidural injection is where?

Answer 19

Cauda equina

Question 20

Meningitis is often tested by performing a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Yes or No

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

______________cordinates the movement of information From and To CNS

Answer 21

White matter

Question 22

Each spinal nerve is associated with a specific region of the body, known as a _______,
this region shows which part of the body is affected by each spinal nerve

Answer 22

Dermatome

Question 23

___________ surrounds the central and forms a Lumen?

Answer 23

White matter

Question 24

Huge amount of snaptic junctions are formed in the ____________ matter.

Answer 24

Gray matter

Question 25

The gray matter of the spinal cord is organized into different regions called:

Answer 25

Horns

Question 26

what is the site used by pathogens that come in with the cytoplasmic flow, to hide in the CNS eg shingles (herpes 3) which can cause MS

Answer 26

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 27

what are the three horns of the gray matter?

Answer 27

dorsal horn lateral horn ventral horn

Question 28

what horn takes msg to the autonomic efferent neurons that regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing?

Answer 28

lateral horn

Question 29

Which roots bring msg to the internal roots of the body, they take msg to the internal regions and also have efferent neurons.

Answer 29

Lateral horn/root

Question 30

Where does shingles hide and why do your patients get a break out of shingles?

Answer 30

Hides in the dorsal root ganglions and this makes patients to experience painful sores.

Question 31

what horn takes msg to the somatic efferent neuron?

Answer 31

ventral horn

Question 32

what root/horn brings from the PNS through the afferent neurons (PNS -> CNS)?

Answer 32

dorsal horn

Question 33

which matter contains the nerve tracts: gray or white?

Answer 33

White matter

Question 34

______1_____ tracts takes msg to the brain and _______2_____ brings msg back to the PNS from the brain?

Answer 34

1. Ascending tracts 2. Descending tracts

Question 35

cell bodies of interneurons on which afferent neurons terminate

Answer 35

dorsal horn

Question 36

cell bodies of autonomic efferent nerve fibers

Answer 36

lateral horn

Question 37

cell bodies of somatic efferent neurons

Answer 37

ventral horn

Question 38

__________________tract is sensory going to the brain?

Answer 38

ascending tracts

Question 39

________________ tract carry signals from the brain to motor neurons, going to the point of the body

Answer 39

Descending tract

Question 40

any response that occurs automatically without any conscious effort is called

Answer 40

Reflex

Question 41

All reflex actions done using the CNS always follow a _______________

Answer 41

Reflex arc

Question 42

what are the two types of reflexes

Answer 42

simple or basic reflex and acquired or conditioned reflex

Question 43

which type of reflex are innate reflexes that is they are unborn reflex. have it the entire time without being trained?

Answer 43

simple/basic

Question 44

Babinskis reflex is an example of what type of reflex?

Answer 44

simple/basic refles

Question 45

What type of reflex happens when a baby gets startled due to a sudden noise?

Answer 45

Moro reflex or startling reflex

Question 46

Babinskis reflex disappears at what age?

Answer 46

24 months or 2 years

Question 47

1. startling response 2. Moro response 3. Lander responses 4. sucking are all examples of what reflex?

Answer 47

simple reflexes

Question 48

Withdrawal reflex Toileting response Stretch response are what type of reflex?

Answer 48

Acquired/conditioned/trained reflex

Question 49

The reflex that happens when you touch a hot stove is an example of what reflex?

Answer 49

Acquired/conditioned/trained reflex

Question 50

Reciprocal innervation is associated with what reflex type?

Answer 50

Acquired/conditioned/trained reflex

Question 51

The innervation that involves 2 antagonistic muscles(Flexon/biceps and Extensor/triceps) and does the work of reflex action is called

Question 52

The biceps and triceps do what when you touch a hot stove?

Answer 52

biceps/ flexor muscle contracts triceps/extensor muscle relaxes

Question 53

stepping on a nail is a withdrawal reflex with a ___________reflex

Answer 53

Reciprocal innervation/reflex

Question 54

when you step on a nail what happens to the quad and hamstring of the supporting and withdrawing leg?

Answer 54

withdrawing leg hamstring contracts and quad relaxes

Question 55

Stages of reflex Arc

Answer 55

stimulus -> sensory receptor -> afferent neuron -> integration center (CNS) -> efferent neuron -> effector (organ, muscle) -> response

Question 56

The 31 pairs of the spinal nerves are mapped and the mapping is called ____________

Answer 56

Dermatomes

Question 57

All the 21 pairs are mapped except __________________

Answer 57

Cervical 1 (C1)

Question 58

If there is an injury to one region of the spinal nerves, how is the clinician able to detect the exact location of the damage?

Answer 58

Through the mapping/Dermatomes