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Midterm 2 - Physiology > CNS 4: Reflex & Limbic Sytem > Flashcards

CNS 4: Reflex & Limbic Sytem Flashcards

1
Q

the limbic system plays an important role in emotions, motivation, learning, and memory.
Yes or NO

A

yes

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2
Q

which is the first part of the limbic system and also act as memory storage and personality traits?

A

Cingulate Gyrus

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3
Q

Whats the site for emotional drinking behavior?

A

amygdala

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4
Q

what is the site for “fear and pleasure”, ‘better safe than sorry emotions’, fight or flight, and having goosebumps?

A

Amygdala

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5
Q

Depression is treated with?

A

Prozac which keeps serotonin in the synapse junction a bit longer

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6
Q

Depression is believed to involve alterations in the levels of what neurotransmitters, in the brain?

A

serotonin and norepinephrine,
the synaptic junction are not working

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7
Q

formation of new neurons takes place in what part

A

hippocampus

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8
Q

What part of the limbic system/brain do Alzheimer’s patients lose?

A

hippocampus

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9
Q

which part of the limbic system is the site of declarative memories?

A

hippocampus

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10
Q

which part of the limbic system is for memory recall?

A

Fornix

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11
Q

which part of the limbic system is responsible for emotions (such as aggression, sex, anger etc) expressed in gestures?

A

cingulate Gyrus

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12
Q

Site for stomach butterflies(Anxiety) and piloerection( standing hair follicles)?

A

amygdala

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13
Q

site for basic inborn behavioural patterns related to survival and perpetuation of the species

A

limbic system - amygdala

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14
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves does the spinal cord have?

A

31 pairs
8 pairs of cervical (neck) nerve
12 pairs Thoracic (chest) nerves
5 pairs Lumbar (abdominal) nerves
5 pairs Sacral (pelvic) nerves
1 pair of coccygeal (tailbone) nerve

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15
Q

is the spinal cord the tail end of the CNS
yes or No

A

Yes

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16
Q

integrating center for spinal reflexes is?

A

spinal cord

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17
Q

the spinal cord is the neural link between

A

the brain and the PNS

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18
Q

When a patient is diagnosed with meningitis, a sample of the CSF is needed, how can the clinician retrieve this sample of CSF?

A

Through the Cauda Equina

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19
Q

Site for epidural injection is where?

A

Cauda equina

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20
Q

Meningitis is often tested by performing a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Yes or No

A

Yes

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21
Q

______________cordinates the movement of information From and To CNS

A

White matter

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22
Q

Each spinal nerve is associated with a specific region of the body, known as a _______,
this region shows which part of the body is affected by each spinal nerve

A

Dermatome

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23
Q

___________ surrounds the central and forms a Lumen?

A

White matter

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24
Q

Huge amount of snaptic junctions are formed in the ____________ matter.

A

Gray matter

25
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord is organized into different regions called:

A

Horns

26
Q

what is the site used by pathogens that come in with the cytoplasmic flow, to hide in the CNS eg shingles (herpes 3) which can cause MS

A

Dorsal root ganglion

27
Q

what are the three horns of the gray matter?

A

dorsal horn
lateral horn
ventral horn

28
Q

what horn takes msg to the autonomic efferent neurons that regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing?

A

lateral horn

29
Q

Which roots bring msg to the internal roots of the body, they take msg to the internal regions and also have efferent neurons.

A

Lateral horn/root

30
Q

Where does shingles hide and why do your patients get a break out of shingles?

A

Hides in the dorsal root ganglions and this makes patients to experience painful sores.

31
Q

what horn takes msg to the somatic efferent neuron?

A

ventral horn

32
Q

what root/horn brings from the PNS through the afferent neurons (PNS -> CNS)?

A

dorsal horn

33
Q

which matter contains the nerve tracts: gray or white?

A

White matter

34
Q

______1_____ tracts takes msg to the brain and _______2_____ brings msg back to the PNS from the brain?

A
  1. Ascending tracts
  2. Descending tracts
35
Q

cell bodies of interneurons on which afferent neurons terminate

A

dorsal horn

36
Q

cell bodies of autonomic efferent nerve fibers

A

lateral horn

37
Q

cell bodies of somatic efferent neurons

A

ventral horn

38
Q

__________________tract is sensory going to the brain?

A

ascending tracts

39
Q

________________ tract carry signals from the brain to motor neurons, going to the point of the body

A

Descending tract

40
Q

any response that occurs automatically without any conscious effort is called

A

Reflex

41
Q

All reflex actions done using the CNS always follow a _______________

A

Reflex arc

42
Q

what are the two types of reflexes

A

simple or basic reflex
and
acquired or conditioned reflex

43
Q

which type of reflex are innate reflexes that is they are unborn reflex. have it the entire time without being trained?

A

simple/basic

44
Q

Babinskis reflex is an example of what type of reflex?

A

simple/basic refles

45
Q

What type of reflex happens when a baby gets startled due to a sudden noise?

A

Moro reflex or startling reflex

46
Q

Babinskis reflex disappears at what age?

A

24 months or 2 years

47
Q
  1. startling response
  2. Moro response
  3. Lander responses
  4. sucking
    are all examples of what reflex?
A

simple reflexes

48
Q

Withdrawal reflex
Toileting response
Stretch response
are what type of reflex?

A

Acquired/conditioned/trained reflex

49
Q

The reflex that happens when you touch a hot stove is an example of what reflex?

A

Acquired/conditioned/trained reflex

50
Q

Reciprocal innervation is associated with what reflex type?

A

Acquired/conditioned/trained reflex

51
Q

The innervation that involves 2 antagonistic muscles(Flexon/biceps and Extensor/triceps) and does the work of reflex action is called

A
52
Q

The biceps and triceps do what when you touch a hot stove?

A

biceps/ flexor muscle contracts
triceps/extensor muscle relaxes

53
Q

stepping on a nail is a withdrawal reflex with a ___________reflex

A

Reciprocal innervation/reflex

54
Q

when you step on a nail what happens to the quad and hamstring of the supporting and withdrawing leg?

A

withdrawing leg hamstring contracts
and quad relaxes

55
Q

Stages of reflex Arc

A

stimulus -> sensory receptor -> afferent neuron -> integration center (CNS) -> efferent neuron -> effector (organ, muscle) -> response

56
Q

The 31 pairs of the spinal nerves are mapped and the mapping is called ____________

A

Dermatomes

57
Q

All the 21 pairs are mapped except __________________

A

Cervical 1 (C1)

58
Q

If there is an injury to one region of the spinal nerves, how is the clinician able to detect the exact location of the damage?

A

Through the mapping/Dermatomes

Midterm 2 - Physiology (10 decks)

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