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Midterm 2 - Physiology > Central Nervous System (CNS} > Flashcards

Central Nervous System (CNS} Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 kinds of Neurons in the CNS?

A
  1. Afferent Neurons (msg from PNS to CNS)
  2. Efferent neurons (msg from CNS to PNS)
  3. Inter neurons (carries msg within the CNS)
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2
Q

How many axons bring message from the PNS to the CNS

A

2 Axons
Peripheral Axon
Central Axon

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3
Q

Which neuron carries msg from PNS to CNS?

A

Afferent Neurons

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4
Q

Which neuron carries msg from CNS to PNS

A

Efferent neurons

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5
Q

Which neuron carries msg within the CNS (CNS to CNS)

A

Inter neurons

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6
Q

Which neurons is found entirelywithin the CNS, its made up of the 99% of all neurons in the CNS an dits very complex?

A

Interneurons

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7
Q

How many neurons are in the human cells?

A

100 billion neurons.

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8
Q

What provides physical, metabolic, and functional support?

A

Neuroglia or Glial cells

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9
Q

What are the 4 major types of Neuroglia cells in the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
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10
Q

What are the 2 kinds of Neuroglia cells in the PNS?

A
  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwann cells
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11
Q

The central nervous system is made up of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

What are the 4 major component of the brain?

A
  1. Forebrain
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain stem
  4. Limbic system
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13
Q

———— and ————– make up the forebrain.

A

Cerebrum and Diencephalon.

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14
Q

Cerebral cortex and basal nuclei make up

A

The cerebrum

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15
Q

Cerebral cortex is made up of

A

Right cerebral cortex
Left cerebral cortex

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16
Q

2 midline structures of the Diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalumus
  2. Hypothalamus
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17
Q

What are the 3 components of Cerebellum?

A
  1. Spinal cerebellum
  2. Cerebral cerebellum
  3. Vestibulocerebellum
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18
Q

3 components of the brain stem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
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19
Q

Which type of glial cells play a role in defence of brain as phagocytic scavengers?

A

Microglia

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20
Q

Which glial cell secretes paracrine, and produce tight junctions and BBB?

A

Astrocytes

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21
Q

Which cells gets over zealous when over activated and its dangerous to health?

A

Microglia

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22
Q

Which cells are implicated in cases of Dementia, Alzheimers, AIDS?

A

Over zealous Microglia

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23
Q

Which cells lines the internal cavities of the brain, secretes and make Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and act like neuron stem cells?

A

Ependymal cells

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24
Q

Where are the new neurons produced?

A

Hippocampus

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25
Q

Which cells forms the myelin sheaths in CNS and they secretes myelin?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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26
Q

Which neuron teaches a child to learn, mimick a parent, hear sounds that transform to speech, have emotional aspects of life

A

Interneurons.

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27
Q

Which neurons helps in forming the synaptic junction

A

Inter neurons

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28
Q

Which neurons is the most complex neuron that controls behavioral patterns, learning capabilities, emotional patterns and other abstract phenomenons?

A

Interneurons

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29
Q

Which type of cells physically support neurons, serves as a scaffold during fetal brain development and form the Blood Brain barrier (BBB), and provide nutritions to the neurons?

A

Astrocytes

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30
Q

What is microglia’s main function?

A

Defence mechanism or phagocytic scavenger.

31
Q

What performs the phagocytosis in the brain tissue?

A

Microglia cells

32
Q

What is the equivalent of epithelial tissue cells in the brain?

A

Ependymal cells (because they line the internal hollows cavities of brain and spinal cord.

33
Q

Hollow cavities of the brain are called

A

Ventricles

34
Q

there are 4 relevant part that give physical support of the Central Nervour system

A
  1. Cranium
  2. Meninges : protective membrane of the CNS.
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid
  4. Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
35
Q

One major function of the Hippocampus is

A

Memory

36
Q

If Neuroglia misbehaves and starts to divide, it can results to what?

A

brain tumor
(glioblastoma)

37
Q

Tumors of the glial cells in the brain is called

A

Glioblastoma

38
Q

Why is cancer if the brain the hardest cancer to treat?

A

Glial cells are the ones that becomes cancerous.

39
Q

2 kinds of glial cells in the Peripheral Nervous system?

A
  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwann cells
40
Q

Which cells protect the neurons by forming capsules around the cell bodies?

A

Satellite cells.

41
Q

Which cells form myelin in the axons of the Peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cells.

42
Q

When meninges are infected, they become a disease called?

A

Meningitis

43
Q

What is protective membrane of the central nervous system?

A

Meninges

44
Q

Meninges has 3 membranes namely?

A
  1. Durameter
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia meter
45
Q

which meninges layer provides a protective barrier and helps maintain the shape of the brain and spinal cord and is very closely related to veins?

A

Durameter

46
Q

What is the venous system closely associated to Durameter called?

A

Dura Sinus

47
Q

Which membrane has networks, hollow spaces and has protrusions?

A

Arachnoid mater

48
Q

Why does the Arachnoid mater has hollow spaces and protusions forming the villi?

A

because the spaces are filled with Cerebro spinal fluid.

49
Q

Which membrane is the most gentle and delicate innermost layer and is richly supplied by arteries?

A

Pia mater

50
Q

What are the good stuff that are received from the arteries by the Pia mater?

A

Vitamins, Irons, water etc.

51
Q

Meningitis could be in the form of ——and ———–

A

Bacterial meningitis
Viral meningitis like COVID 19

52
Q

Where are the Cerebrospinal fluid?

A

3rd and 4th ventricules.

53
Q

Which cells is involved in the formation of Cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cells.

54
Q

When the brain tissue floats in the highly salty solution and provides physical protection, its called

A

Buoyancy

55
Q

Which protective part of the CNS is characterized by salty fluid (high in sodium) and acts as the shock absorber?

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

56
Q

When buoyancy is created in the CSF, what happens?

A

It reduces the weight by 30 times reduction.

57
Q

what is made everyday, 3 times everyday?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

58
Q

What the protective support that regulates transport and acts as a control ?

A

BBB - Blood Brain Barrier

59
Q

What is the drug for Parkingson disease?

A

Levodopa

60
Q

What are the 2 regions in the brain that have no BBB?

A
  1. Vomitting center
  2. Hypothalamus
61
Q

Where is the temperature control center and the major place b\w Brain and the endocrincrine system?

A

Hypothalamus

62
Q

Which brain structure is the largest region of the brain, its under the forebrain and its divided into 2 parts?

A

Cerebrum

63
Q

Which part of the brain structure has the left and right Hemispheres?

A

Cerebrum

64
Q

The left and right Hemispheres are joined together by ————

A

Corpus Callosun

65
Q

The cerebrum has ——— and ———– matter?

A

Gray and white matters,

66
Q

The Gray matter has ——– distinct layers and the white matter hass ——- layers?

A

gray - 6 and white - 1

67
Q

The cerebrum has —– number of Lobes.

A

4

68
Q

Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the eyes ( sense of sight)

A

Occipital lobe

69
Q

Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the ears ( sense of hearing/sound)

A

Temporal lobe

70
Q

Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the speaking abilities, elaboration of thought, language, motor activities?

A

Frontal lobe

71
Q

Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the sense of touch, heat and temperature, receiving and processing of sensory nerves?

A

Parietal lobe

72
Q

The frontal and Parietal lobes are called ———

A

Higher Cortex

73
Q

The deep demarcation b\w the frontal and parietal lobes is called …………….

A

Central Sulus.

Midterm 2 - Physiology (10 decks)

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