Central Nervous System (CNS} Flashcards
what are the 3 kinds of Neurons in the CNS?
- Afferent Neurons (msg from PNS to CNS)
- Efferent neurons (msg from CNS to PNS)
- Inter neurons (carries msg within the CNS)
How many axons bring message from the PNS to the CNS
2 Axons
Peripheral Axon
Central Axon
Which neuron carries msg from PNS to CNS?
Afferent Neurons
Which neuron carries msg from CNS to PNS
Efferent neurons
Which neuron carries msg within the CNS (CNS to CNS)
Inter neurons
Which neurons is found entirelywithin the CNS, its made up of the 99% of all neurons in the CNS an dits very complex?
Interneurons
How many neurons are in the human cells?
100 billion neurons.
What provides physical, metabolic, and functional support?
Neuroglia or Glial cells
What are the 4 major types of Neuroglia cells in the CNS?
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal cells
What are the 2 kinds of Neuroglia cells in the PNS?
- Satellite cells
- Schwann cells
The central nervous system is made up of?
The brain and spinal cord
What are the 4 major component of the brain?
- Forebrain
- Cerebellum
- Brain stem
- Limbic system
———— and ————– make up the forebrain.
Cerebrum and Diencephalon.
Cerebral cortex and basal nuclei make up
The cerebrum
Cerebral cortex is made up of
Right cerebral cortex
Left cerebral cortex
2 midline structures of the Diencephalon?
- Thalumus
- Hypothalamus
What are the 3 components of Cerebellum?
- Spinal cerebellum
- Cerebral cerebellum
- Vestibulocerebellum
3 components of the brain stem?
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
Which type of glial cells play a role in defence of brain as phagocytic scavengers?
Microglia
Which glial cell secretes paracrine, and produce tight junctions and BBB?
Astrocytes
Which cells gets over zealous when over activated and its dangerous to health?
Microglia
Which cells are implicated in cases of Dementia, Alzheimers, AIDS?
Over zealous Microglia
Which cells lines the internal cavities of the brain, secretes and make Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and act like neuron stem cells?
Ependymal cells
Where are the new neurons produced?
Hippocampus
Which cells forms the myelin sheaths in CNS and they secretes myelin?
Oligodendrocytes
Which neuron teaches a child to learn, mimick a parent, hear sounds that transform to speech, have emotional aspects of life
Interneurons.
Which neurons helps in forming the synaptic junction
Inter neurons
Which neurons is the most complex neuron that controls behavioral patterns, learning capabilities, emotional patterns and other abstract phenomenons?
Interneurons
Which type of cells physically support neurons, serves as a scaffold during fetal brain development and form the Blood Brain barrier (BBB), and provide nutritions to the neurons?
Astrocytes
What is microglia’s main function?
Defence mechanism or phagocytic scavenger.
What performs the phagocytosis in the brain tissue?
Microglia cells
What is the equivalent of epithelial tissue cells in the brain?
Ependymal cells (because they line the internal hollows cavities of brain and spinal cord.
Hollow cavities of the brain are called
Ventricles
there are 4 relevant part that give physical support of the Central Nervour system
- Cranium
- Meninges : protective membrane of the CNS.
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
One major function of the Hippocampus is
Memory
If Neuroglia misbehaves and starts to divide, it can results to what?
brain tumor
(glioblastoma)
Tumors of the glial cells in the brain is called
Glioblastoma
Why is cancer if the brain the hardest cancer to treat?
Glial cells are the ones that becomes cancerous.
2 kinds of glial cells in the Peripheral Nervous system?
- Satellite cells
- Schwann cells
Which cells protect the neurons by forming capsules around the cell bodies?
Satellite cells.
Which cells form myelin in the axons of the Peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells.
When meninges are infected, they become a disease called?
Meningitis
What is protective membrane of the central nervous system?
Meninges
Meninges has 3 membranes namely?
- Durameter
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia meter
which meninges layer provides a protective barrier and helps maintain the shape of the brain and spinal cord and is very closely related to veins?
Durameter
What is the venous system closely associated to Durameter called?
Dura Sinus
Which membrane has networks, hollow spaces and has protrusions?
Arachnoid mater
Why does the Arachnoid mater has hollow spaces and protusions forming the villi?
because the spaces are filled with Cerebro spinal fluid.
Which membrane is the most gentle and delicate innermost layer and is richly supplied by arteries?
Pia mater
What are the good stuff that are received from the arteries by the Pia mater?
Vitamins, Irons, water etc.
Meningitis could be in the form of ——and ———–
Bacterial meningitis
Viral meningitis like COVID 19
Where are the Cerebrospinal fluid?
3rd and 4th ventricules.
Which cells is involved in the formation of Cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal cells.
When the brain tissue floats in the highly salty solution and provides physical protection, its called
Buoyancy
Which protective part of the CNS is characterized by salty fluid (high in sodium) and acts as the shock absorber?
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
When buoyancy is created in the CSF, what happens?
It reduces the weight by 30 times reduction.
what is made everyday, 3 times everyday?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What the protective support that regulates transport and acts as a control ?
BBB - Blood Brain Barrier
What is the drug for Parkingson disease?
Levodopa
What are the 2 regions in the brain that have no BBB?
- Vomitting center
- Hypothalamus
Where is the temperature control center and the major place b\w Brain and the endocrincrine system?
Hypothalamus
Which brain structure is the largest region of the brain, its under the forebrain and its divided into 2 parts?
Cerebrum
Which part of the brain structure has the left and right Hemispheres?
Cerebrum
The left and right Hemispheres are joined together by ————
Corpus Callosun
The cerebrum has ——— and ———– matter?
Gray and white matters,
The Gray matter has ——– distinct layers and the white matter hass ——- layers?
gray - 6 and white - 1
The cerebrum has —– number of Lobes.
4
Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the eyes ( sense of sight)
Occipital lobe
Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the ears ( sense of hearing/sound)
Temporal lobe
Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the speaking abilities, elaboration of thought, language, motor activities?
Frontal lobe
Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the sense of touch, heat and temperature, receiving and processing of sensory nerves?
Parietal lobe
The frontal and Parietal lobes are called ———
Higher Cortex
The deep demarcation b\w the frontal and parietal lobes is called …………….
Central Sulus.