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Midterm 2 - Physiology > Central Nervous System (CNS} > Flashcards

Central Nervous System (CNS} Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 kinds of Neurons in the CNS?

A
  1. Afferent Neurons (msg from PNS to CNS)
  2. Efferent neurons (msg from CNS to PNS)
  3. Inter neurons (carries msg within the CNS)
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2
Q

How many axons bring message from the PNS to the CNS

A

2 Axons
Peripheral Axon
Central Axon

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3
Q

Which neuron carries msg from PNS to CNS?

A

Afferent Neurons

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4
Q

Which neuron carries msg from CNS to PNS

A

Efferent neurons

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5
Q

Which neuron carries msg within the CNS (CNS to CNS)

A

Inter neurons

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6
Q

Which neurons is found entirelywithin the CNS, its made up of the 99% of all neurons in the CNS an dits very complex?

A

Interneurons

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7
Q

How many neurons are in the human cells?

A

100 billion neurons.

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8
Q

What provides physical, metabolic, and functional support?

A

Neuroglia or Glial cells

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9
Q

What are the 4 major types of Neuroglia cells in the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
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10
Q

What are the 2 kinds of Neuroglia cells in the PNS?

A
  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwann cells
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11
Q

The central nervous system is made up of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

What are the 4 major component of the brain?

A
  1. Forebrain
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain stem
  4. Limbic system
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13
Q

———— and ————– make up the forebrain.

A

Cerebrum and Diencephalon.

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14
Q

Cerebral cortex and basal nuclei make up

A

The cerebrum

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15
Q

Cerebral cortex is made up of

A

Right cerebral cortex
Left cerebral cortex

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16
Q

2 midline structures of the Diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalumus
  2. Hypothalamus
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17
Q

What are the 3 components of Cerebellum?

A
  1. Spinal cerebellum
  2. Cerebral cerebellum
  3. Vestibulocerebellum
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18
Q

3 components of the brain stem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
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19
Q

Which type of glial cells play a role in defence of brain as phagocytic scavengers?

A

Microglia

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20
Q

Which glial cell secretes paracrine, and produce tight junctions and BBB?

A

Astrocytes

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21
Q

Which cells gets over zealous when over activated and its dangerous to health?

A

Microglia

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22
Q

Which cells are implicated in cases of Dementia, Alzheimers, AIDS?

A

Over zealous Microglia

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23
Q

Which cells lines the internal cavities of the brain, secretes and make Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and act like neuron stem cells?

A

Ependymal cells

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24
Q

Where are the new neurons produced?

A

Hippocampus

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25
Which cells forms the myelin sheaths in CNS and they secretes myelin?
Oligodendrocytes
26
Which neuron teaches a child to learn, mimick a parent, hear sounds that transform to speech, have emotional aspects of life
Interneurons.
27
Which neurons helps in forming the synaptic junction
Inter neurons
28
Which neurons is the most complex neuron that controls behavioral patterns, learning capabilities, emotional patterns and other abstract phenomenons?
Interneurons
29
Which type of cells physically support neurons, serves as a scaffold during fetal brain development and form the Blood Brain barrier (BBB), and provide nutritions to the neurons?
Astrocytes
30
What is microglia's main function?
Defence mechanism or phagocytic scavenger.
31
What performs the phagocytosis in the brain tissue?
Microglia cells
32
What is the equivalent of epithelial tissue cells in the brain?
Ependymal cells (because they line the internal hollows cavities of brain and spinal cord.
33
Hollow cavities of the brain are called
Ventricles
34
there are 4 relevant part that give physical support of the Central Nervour system
1. Cranium 2. Meninges : protective membrane of the CNS. 3. Cerebrospinal fluid 4. Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
35
One major function of the Hippocampus is
Memory
36
If Neuroglia misbehaves and starts to divide, it can results to what?
brain tumor (glioblastoma)
37
Tumors of the glial cells in the brain is called
Glioblastoma
38
Why is cancer if the brain the hardest cancer to treat?
Glial cells are the ones that becomes cancerous.
39
2 kinds of glial cells in the Peripheral Nervous system?
1. Satellite cells 2. Schwann cells
40
Which cells protect the neurons by forming capsules around the cell bodies?
Satellite cells.
41
Which cells form myelin in the axons of the Peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells.
42
When meninges are infected, they become a disease called?
Meningitis
43
What is protective membrane of the central nervous system?
Meninges
44
Meninges has 3 membranes namely?
1. Durameter 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia meter
45
which meninges layer provides a protective barrier and helps maintain the shape of the brain and spinal cord and is very closely related to veins?
Durameter
46
What is the venous system closely associated to Durameter called?
Dura Sinus
47
Which membrane has networks, hollow spaces and has protrusions?
Arachnoid mater
48
Why does the Arachnoid mater has hollow spaces and protusions forming the villi?
because the spaces are filled with Cerebro spinal fluid.
49
Which membrane is the most gentle and delicate innermost layer and is richly supplied by arteries?
Pia mater
50
What are the good stuff that are received from the arteries by the Pia mater?
Vitamins, Irons, water etc.
51
Meningitis could be in the form of ------and -----------
Bacterial meningitis Viral meningitis like COVID 19
52
Where are the Cerebrospinal fluid?
3rd and 4th ventricules.
53
Which cells is involved in the formation of Cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal cells.
54
When the brain tissue floats in the highly salty solution and provides physical protection, its called
Buoyancy
55
Which protective part of the CNS is characterized by salty fluid (high in sodium) and acts as the shock absorber?
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
56
When buoyancy is created in the CSF, what happens?
It reduces the weight by 30 times reduction.
57
what is made everyday, 3 times everyday?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
58
What the protective support that regulates transport and acts as a control ?
BBB - Blood Brain Barrier
59
What is the drug for Parkingson disease?
Levodopa
60
What are the 2 regions in the brain that have no BBB?
1. Vomitting center 2. Hypothalamus
61
Where is the temperature control center and the major place b\w Brain and the endocrincrine system?
Hypothalamus
62
Which brain structure is the largest region of the brain, its under the forebrain and its divided into 2 parts?
Cerebrum
63
Which part of the brain structure has the left and right Hemispheres?
Cerebrum
64
The left and right Hemispheres are joined together by ------------
Corpus Callosun
65
The cerebrum has --------- and ----------- matter?
Gray and white matters,
66
The Gray matter has -------- distinct layers and the white matter hass ------- layers?
gray - 6 and white - 1
67
The cerebrum has ----- number of Lobes.
4
68
Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the eyes ( sense of sight)
Occipital lobe
69
Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the ears ( sense of hearing/sound)
Temporal lobe
70
Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the speaking abilities, elaboration of thought, language, motor activities?
Frontal lobe
71
Which Lobe of the cerebrum deals with the sense of touch, heat and temperature, receiving and processing of sensory nerves?
Parietal lobe
72
The frontal and Parietal lobes are called ---------
Higher Cortex
73
The deep demarcation b\w the frontal and parietal lobes is called ................
Central Sulus.

Midterm 2 - Physiology (10 decks)

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