CNS 1

Question 1

On day 20 (week 3) after conception what starts to form?

Answer 1

neural plate and neural crest

Question 2

What day after conception is the fertilized egg now in the uterus fed by the uterine tissue and rapidly diving and becoming an embryo?

Answer 2

Day 20(week 3)

Question 3

On day 23 (week 3) what forms?

Answer 3

Early development of CNS and PNS

Question 4

On day 28 (week 4) after conception what happens?

Answer 4

The brain is being transformed into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain as well as the spinal cord
the whole area is filled with lumen.

Question 5

On day 42(week 6) what happens

Answer 5

Dramatic change in the forebrain. separated into cerebrum and diencephalon.
midbrain remains midbrain
hindbrain rearranges into cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 6

What happens in week 11/day 77

Answer 6

the head will stand up.
the cerebrum is now cleanly put. other parts are becoming more prominent

Question 7

What years are the most important years in child development?

Answer 7

first 7 years

Question 8

The _________ of the nervous system is responsible for carrying sensory information from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS) using sensory neurons

Answer 8

Afferent division/neuron

Question 9

the efferent division is divided into

Answer 9

somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 10

99% of neurons in the CNS are

Answer 10

interneuron

Question 11

Which is the most complex neuron?

Answer 11

Interneuron

Question 12

_____________ neurons are involved in processing and integrating information within the CNS and are found exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS).

Answer 12

Interneurons

Question 13

How are msgs received by the CNS from the afferent neuron?

Answer 13

There are afferent neurons with two axons, called a peripheral axon and a central axon. The peripheral axon receives sensory information from the body’s periphery (such as the skin) and transmits it to the central axon, which then carries the information into the CNS.

Question 14

Afferent neurons send information to the brain
True or False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The ______________ neuron sends msg to target cells

Answer 15

Efferent neurons

Question 16

What keeps the neurons healthy? without them, the nervous system can’t do the work

Answer 16

Neuroglia

Question 17

What is the function of the neuroglia cell in the CNS?

Answer 17

provides physical, metabolic, and functional support

Question 18

this neuroglia cells becomes problematic when over activated and will start destroying the neurons

Answer 18

microglia

Question 19

if microglia cells are over activated, it can lead to

Answer 19

Alzheimer’s, dementia, AIDS, MS (scavenge off the myelin)

Question 20

how does bacteria and disease enter the cell

Answer 20

through receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 21

Dementia patients lacks what part of the brain

Answer 21

hippocampus

Question 22

this neuroglia cell promotes tight junction function eg BBB (blood brain barrier )

Answer 22

astrocytes

Question 23

this cell prevents leakage of the content in the CNS and has neurotrophic nature

Answer 23

astrocytes

Question 24

this Glia cell are the epithelial cells of the Brain
ependymal cells

Answer 24

ependymal cells

Question 25

this glia cell take up neurotransmitters for synthesis of more neurotransmitters by neurons it takes up excess K+ to help maintain brain ECF and normal neural excitability

Answer 25

astrocytes

Question 26

this neuroglia cell enhance synapse formation and strengthens synaptic transmission via chemical signals with neurons

Answer 26

astrocytes

Question 27

this glia cell act as neural stem cells

Answer 27

Ependymal cells

Question 28

this glia cells lines the ventricles of the nervous tissue

Answer 28

ependymal cells

Question 29

hippocampus is an example of a neural stem cell

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

which cells can become cancerous?

Answer 30

glial cells

Question 31

What are cerebral cortex functions?

Answer 31

1. sensory perception 2. voluntary control of movement 3. language 4. personality traits 5. sophisticated mental events such as thinking, memory, decision making, creativity and self-consciousness

Question 32

functions of the basal nuclei

Answer 32

1. inhibition of muscle tone 2. coordination of slow sustained movements 3. suppression of useless patterns of movement

Question 33

thalamus functions as:

Answer 33

1. relay station for all synaptic input 2. crude awareness of sensation 3. some degree of consciousness 4. role in motor control

Question 34

functions of hypothalamus

Answer 34

1. regulation of many homeostatic functions such as temp control, thirst, urine output and food intake 2. important link between nervous and endocrine systems 3. role in sleep-wake cycle 4. extensive involvement with emotion and basic behavioural patterns

Question 35

cerebellum functions

Answer 35

1. maintenance of balance 2. enhancement of muscle tone 3. coordination and planning of skilled voluntary muscle activity

Question 36

brain stem function

Answer 36

1. role in sleep-wake cycle 2. the origin of the majority of peripheral cranial nerves (midbrain, pons, and medulla) 3. cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive control centre 4. regulation of muscle reflexes involved with equilibrium and posture 5. reception and integration of all synaptic input from the spinal cord; arousal and activation of the cerebral cortex

Question 37

The central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, is enclosed and protected by hard bony structures called the

Answer 37

cranium

Question 38

The central nervous system (CNS) is wrapped and protected by a set of protective membranes called

Answer 38

meninges

Question 39

which layer of the meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),

Answer 39

Arachnoid mater

Question 40

The _____________ is a space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater and covers the entire brain and spinal cord

Answer 40

subarachnoid space

Question 41

Cerebrospinal fluid is primarily produced by the

Answer 41

Choroid plexus.

Question 42

are CSF lined by ependymal or epithelial cells?

Answer 42

ependymal cells

Question 43

CSF is a salty or acidic solution

Answer 43

salty

Question 44

how much CSF is produced per day?

Answer 44

CSF is produced 3x/day at volume of 125-150ml/each time

Question 45

CSF floats in what space

Answer 45

subarachnoid space

Question 46

Decreased weight of CSF = increased or decreased buoyancy

Answer 46

increased buoyancy

Question 47

Does the CSF do what function?

Answer 47

1. physical support 2. act as the shock absorber or padding for the Brain eg contact sports

Question 48

BBB is produced by

Answer 48

astrocytes (secrete paracrine signals)

Question 49

Is BBB formed by tight junctions secreting by paracrine cells?

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

what is a condition that can be affected by the BBB

Answer 50

Parkinson's disease

Question 51

the BBB is selectively permeable or permeable

Answer 51

selectively permeable

Question 52

how does BBB play a role in Parkinson's disease?

Answer 52

Parkinson's is a loss of dopamine in the brain, and can be treated with levodopa (a medication that can be converted into dopamine in the brain) However, the BBB can limit the amount of levodopa that reaches the brain, reducing its effectiveness. This is because the BBB is selective about what substances it allows to pass from the bloodstream into the brain, and levodopa may have difficulty crossing the BBB in sufficient quantities to be effective.

Question 53

BBB is not present in

Question 54

the cerebrum makes up _________ % of the total Brain weight

Answer 54

80%

Question 55

The outer surface of the cerebrum is

Answer 55

highly convoluted cerebral cortex

Question 56

The most complex integrating area of the brain

Answer 56

cerebral cortex

Question 57

Are CSF very high in sodium or potassium ions?

Answer 57

sodium ion

Question 58

high sodium gives you very high electrical signal propagation True or False

Answer 58

True

Question 59

the brain tissue can float in the CSF and at the same decreasing its weight 30 times weight reduction of your brain when you have CSF. this helps protect the brain Yes or No

Answer 59

Yes

Question 60

what protects the degeneration of the neuron?

Answer 60

the CSF

Question 61

Choroid plexus are ependymal cells lining the 3rd and 4th ventricle yes or No

Answer 61

Yes