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Midterm 2 - Physiology > CNS 1 > Flashcards

CNS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

On day 20 (week 3) after conception what starts to form?

A

neural plate and neural crest

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2
Q

What day after conception is the fertilized egg now in the uterus fed by the uterine tissue and rapidly diving and becoming an embryo?

A

Day 20(week 3)

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3
Q

On day 23 (week 3) what forms?

A

Early development of CNS and PNS

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4
Q

On day 28 (week 4) after conception what happens?

A

The brain is being transformed into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain as well as the spinal cord
the whole area is filled with lumen.

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5
Q

On day 42(week 6) what happens

A

Dramatic change in the forebrain. separated into cerebrum and diencephalon.
midbrain remains midbrain
hindbrain rearranges into cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata

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6
Q

What happens in week 11/day 77

A

the head will stand up.
the cerebrum is now cleanly put. other parts are becoming more prominent

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7
Q

What years are the most important years in child development?

A

first 7 years

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8
Q

The _________ of the nervous system is responsible for carrying sensory information from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS) using sensory neurons

A

Afferent division/neuron

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9
Q

the efferent division is divided into

A

somatic and autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

99% of neurons in the CNS are

A

interneuron

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11
Q

Which is the most complex neuron?

A

Interneuron

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12
Q

_____________ neurons are involved in processing and integrating information within the CNS and are found exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS).

A

Interneurons

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13
Q

How are msgs received by the CNS from the afferent neuron?

A

There are afferent neurons with two axons, called a peripheral axon and a central axon. The peripheral axon receives sensory information from the body’s periphery (such as the skin) and transmits it to the central axon, which then carries the information into the CNS.

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14
Q

Afferent neurons send information to the brain
True or False

A

True

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15
Q

The ______________ neuron sends msg to target cells

A

Efferent neurons

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16
Q

What keeps the neurons healthy? without them, the nervous system can’t do the work

A

Neuroglia

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17
Q

What is the function of the neuroglia cell in the CNS?

A

provides physical, metabolic, and functional support

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18
Q

this neuroglia cells becomes problematic when over activated and will start destroying the neurons

A

microglia

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19
Q

if microglia cells are over activated, it can lead to

A

Alzheimer’s, dementia, AIDS, MS (scavenge off the myelin)

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20
Q

how does bacteria and disease enter the cell

A

through receptor-mediated endocytosis

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21
Q

Dementia patients lacks what part of the brain

A

hippocampus

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22
Q

this neuroglia cell promotes tight junction function eg BBB (blood brain barrier )

A

astrocytes

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23
Q

this cell prevents leakage of the content in the CNS and has neurotrophic nature

A

astrocytes

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24
Q

this Glia cell are the epithelial cells of the Brain
ependymal cells

A

ependymal cells

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25
Q

this glia cell take up neurotransmitters for synthesis of more neurotransmitters by neurons

it takes up excess K+ to help maintain brain ECF and normal neural excitability

A

astrocytes

26
Q

this neuroglia cell enhance synapse formation and strengthens synaptic transmission via chemical signals with neurons

A

astrocytes

27
Q

this glia cell act as neural stem cells

A

Ependymal cells

28
Q

this glia cells lines the ventricles of the nervous tissue

A

ependymal cells

29
Q

hippocampus is an example of a neural stem cell

A

Yes

30
Q

which cells can become cancerous?

A

glial cells

31
Q

What are cerebral cortex functions?

A
  1. sensory perception
  2. voluntary control of movement
  3. language
  4. personality traits
  5. sophisticated mental events such as thinking, memory, decision making, creativity and self-consciousness
32
Q

functions of the basal nuclei

A
  1. inhibition of muscle tone
  2. coordination of slow sustained movements
  3. suppression of useless patterns of movement
33
Q

thalamus functions as:

A
  1. relay station for all synaptic input
  2. crude awareness of sensation
  3. some degree of consciousness
  4. role in motor control
34
Q

functions of hypothalamus

A
  1. regulation of many homeostatic functions such as temp control, thirst, urine output and food intake
  2. important link between nervous and endocrine systems
  3. role in sleep-wake cycle
  4. extensive involvement with emotion and basic behavioural patterns
35
Q

cerebellum functions

A
  1. maintenance of balance
  2. enhancement of muscle tone
  3. coordination and planning of skilled voluntary muscle activity
36
Q

brain stem function

A
  1. role in sleep-wake cycle
  2. the origin of the majority of peripheral cranial nerves (midbrain, pons, and medulla)
  3. cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive control centre
  4. regulation of muscle reflexes involved with equilibrium and posture
  5. reception and integration of all synaptic input from the spinal cord; arousal and activation of the cerebral cortex
37
Q

The central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, is enclosed and protected by hard bony structures called the

A

cranium

38
Q

The central nervous system (CNS) is wrapped and protected by a set of protective membranes called

A

meninges

39
Q

which layer of the meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),

A

Arachnoid mater

40
Q

The _____________ is a space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater and covers the entire brain and spinal cord

A

subarachnoid space

41
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is primarily produced by the

A

Choroid plexus.

42
Q

are CSF lined by ependymal or epithelial cells?

A

ependymal cells

43
Q

CSF is a salty or acidic solution

A

salty

44
Q

how much CSF is produced per day?

A

CSF is produced 3x/day at volume of 125-150ml/each time

45
Q

CSF floats in what space

A

subarachnoid space

46
Q

Decreased weight of CSF = increased or decreased buoyancy

A

increased buoyancy

47
Q

Does the CSF do what function?

A
  1. physical support
  2. act as the shock absorber or padding for the Brain eg contact sports
48
Q

BBB is produced by

A

astrocytes (secrete paracrine signals)

49
Q

Is BBB formed by tight junctions secreting by paracrine cells?

A

yes

50
Q

what is a condition that can be affected by the BBB

A

Parkinson’s disease

51
Q

the BBB is selectively permeable or permeable

A

selectively permeable

52
Q

how does BBB play a role in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Parkinson’s is a loss of dopamine in the brain, and can be treated with levodopa (a medication that can be converted into dopamine in the brain)

However, the BBB can limit the amount of levodopa that reaches the brain, reducing its effectiveness.

This is because the BBB is selective about what substances it allows to pass from the bloodstream into the brain, and levodopa may have difficulty crossing the BBB in sufficient quantities to be effective.

53
Q

BBB is not present in

A
54
Q

the cerebrum makes up _________ % of the total Brain weight

A

80%

55
Q

The outer surface of the cerebrum is

A

highly convoluted cerebral cortex

56
Q

The most complex integrating area of the brain

A

cerebral cortex

57
Q

Are CSF very high in sodium or potassium ions?

A

sodium ion

58
Q

high sodium gives you very high electrical signal propagation
True or False

A

True

59
Q

the brain tissue can float in the CSF and at the same decreasing its weight
30 times weight reduction of your brain when you have CSF. this helps protect the brain
Yes or No

A

Yes

60
Q

what protects the degeneration of the neuron?

A

the CSF

61
Q

Choroid plexus are ependymal cells lining the 3rd and 4th ventricle
yes or No

A

Yes

Midterm 2 - Physiology (10 decks)

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