Excitable Tissues/Neuron signalling part 2

Question 1

the larger the diameter of myelin the faster the conduction
true or false

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Which of these ( myelinated or unmyelinated fibers) is the messengers in digestive tracts at 0.7m/sec

Answer 2

unmyelinated fibers

Question 3

Are myelinated or unmyelinated fibers the messengers in skeletal muscles at 120m/sec

Answer 3

myelinated

Question 4

Saltatory conduction uses less energy cos it doesn’t have to bring the ion back
true or false

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Myelin covers what region?

Answer 5

Axon Regions

Question 6

Myelin is made up of a combination of

Answer 6

protein fat and lipid

Question 7

myelin is primarily composed of

Answer 7

Lipids

Question 8

myelin is formed by ________________ in PNS

Answer 8

Schwann cells

Question 9

myelin is formed by __________________ in CNS

Answer 9

oligodendrocytes

Question 10

myelinated fibers create a node of what?

Answer 10

Ranvier

Question 11

myelinated fibers conduct impulses how many times faster?

Answer 11

50 times faster

Question 12

Which propagation type is it when impulse jumps over sections of the fiber?

Answer 12

saltatory conduction

Question 13

Which propagation type has reduced use of the sodium-potassium pump, so less energy is produced?

Answer 13

Saltatory conduction

Question 14

Action potential in this propagation type spreads along every portion of the membrane. and occurs only in unmyelinated fibers?

Answer 14

Contiguous conduction

Question 15

which propagation types does each region have to generate its own potential action?

Answer 15

Contiguous conduction

Question 16

which propagation type is in unmyelinated fibers and which is in myelinated?

Answer 16

Unmyelinated - contiguous conduction
Myelinated - saltatory conduction

Question 17

Which propagation type uses more energy and which uses less energy?

Answer 17

contiguous conduction uses more energy.

saltatory uses less energy.

Question 18

What are the two types of action potential propagation?

Answer 18

contiguous and saltatory

Question 19

The region of the neuron that releases chemical messengers that simultaneously influence other cells with which they come into close association is called?

Answer 19

Axon terminal

Question 20

The first portion of the axon; the region of the cell body from which the axon starts?

Answer 20

axon hillock

Question 21

Which part of the neuron is rich in sodium-potassium channel/ions?

Answer 21

Axon hillock

Question 22

The messaging part of the neuron

Answer 22

Axon

Question 23

Side branches of axon are called?

Answer 23

collaterals

Question 24

A button-like structure where action potential stops here

Answer 24

axon terminal

Question 25

The long skinny part of the neuron

Answer 25

conducting zone

Question 26

What is the output zone of the neuron?

Answer 26

axon terminals

Question 27

The neuron trigger zone and its where the action potential starts

Answer 27

axon hillock

Question 28

The part that conducts action potentials in an undiminishing fashion often over long distances is known as

Answer 28

conduction zone

Question 29

The part where action potentials are initiated is called

Answer 29

Trigger zone

Question 30

The part where incoming signals from other neurons are received is called

Answer 30

Input zone

Question 31

Are dendrites connected to the cell body?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

Where is the input zone also known as tree branches and is the location where the impulse is collected by the neuron?

Answer 32

Dendrites

Question 33

the cell body is 1/10th of the entire neuron/nerve cell

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

What holds the nucleus of the neuron?

Answer 34

Cell body

Question 35

What are the basic part of a neuron

Answer 35

1. Dendrites 2. Cell bodies 3. Axon

Question 36

Action potentials are propagated from the _______ to the ______

Answer 36

from Axon hillock to Axon terminals

Question 37

What are the consequences of refractory periods?

Answer 37

1. all or no principles 2. unidirectional propagation (forward movement) of action potentials

Question 38

Is a refractory period marked by decreased or increased excitability types?

Answer 38

Decreased

Question 39

in this refractory period, sodium gates are closed and few potassium channels are still opened

Answer 39

relative

Question 40

this refractory period allows for a second action potential to be generated with a stronger stimulus

Answer 40

relative

Question 41

this refractory period spans the last part of repolarization and hyperpolarization phase

Answer 41

Relative

Question 42

this refractory period spans all of repolarization and depolarization phase

Answer 42

Absolute

Question 43

Sodium channels are closed and potassium channels are opened in this refractory period

Answer 43

Absolute

Question 44

which refractory period stops the membrane from making action potential when one action potential is being made?

Answer 44

Absolute

Question 45

Two types of refractory periods are

Answer 45

Absolute and Relative

Question 46

The period when the cells won't allow any action potential to be made backwards - period of time following an action potential - when the cell becomes very stubborn

Answer 46

Refractory period

Question 47

In restoring the concentration gradients which are disrupted by action potential, Sodium(Na) and Potassium(K) which is pumped into ICF and ECF respectively.

Answer 47

Sodium is ECF Potassium is ICF

Question 48

what gradually restores the concentration gradients disrupted by the action potentials?

Answer 48

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 49

Which gate closes at the peak to allow for delayed opening of the potassium channels?

Answer 49

ball and chain gate

Question 50

when the activation gate of action potential opens, does it allow for an increase or decrease of sodium permeability to reach the peak?

Answer 50

Increase of Sodium (Na)

Question 51

Does delayed opening of the potassium channel at the peak, allow for full action potential?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

what is the inactivation gate of the action potential?

Answer 52

Ball and chain gate

Question 53

Which potential change type involves double gating of the sodium channels

Answer 53

Action potentials

Question 54

Which potential change has the role of a positive feedback cycle that allows it to keep climbing till it reaches the peak?

Answer 54

Action potential

Question 55

Which is considered as a domino effect, action, or graded potential?

Answer 55

Action potential

Question 56

When action potential reaches threshold, the flow of Sodium ions into the ICF reverses the membrane potential from -70mV to

Answer 56

+30mV

Question 57

How many milliseconds does the action potential take in total?

Answer 57

1 millisecond 0.5 to climb up and 0.5 to climb down

Question 58

Which potential change does not decrease in strength?

Answer 58

Action potential

Question 59

Repolarization is the rising or failing phase of action potential?

Answer 59

falling phase

Question 60

The falling stage of action potential is due to

Answer 60

The efflux of potassium is 300 times more permeable

Question 61

Depolarization of action potential is due to

Answer 61

permeability of Na+ sodium influx (sodium na+ is 600 times more permeable)

Question 62

Is depolarization the rising or failing phase of action potential

Answer 62

Rising phase

Question 63

Which potential change type has to have a threshold potential of -50mV. If not what happens?

Answer 63

Action potential if it's not at -50mV which is the minimum needed for a full action potential, it will die down and become a graded potential.

Question 64

What type of potential changes used all the electrical states to create a spike +30(the peak )

Answer 64

Action potential

Question 65

What channel opens up under the influence of temperature change?

Answer 65

Temperature gated channels

Question 66

What channel opens up when you apply pressure or touch?

Answer 66

Mechanically gated Channel

Question 67

What channel opens up under the influence of neurotransmitters eg acetylcholine (Ach)?

Answer 67

Chemically gated channels

Question 68

In what channel does excited ion movement trigger the gate to open (when there is a change in membrane voltage)

Answer 68

voltage-gated channel

Question 69

Types of channels for action potential change?

Answer 69

1. Voltage-gated channel 2. Chemically gated channel 3. Mechanically gated channel 4. Temperature-gated channels

Question 70

Heat/cold is an example of what type of channel?

Answer 70

Temperature gated channels