Peripheral arterial and venous disease Flashcards
what is the main etiology of peripheral arterial disease?
atherosclerosis
what are the two main risk factors for peripheral arterial disease?
tobacco use
diabetes mellitus
what is the most common symptom / clinical clue of peripheral arterial disease?
intermittent claudication - cramping
what is the pathology of peripheral arterial disease?
segmental lesions causing stenosis or occlusion are usually localized to small and medium-sized vessels
peripheral arterial disease usually involves what vessels?
AA / iliac arteries
femoral and popliteal
distal vessels - tibial, peroneal
an ABI ratio (ankle to brachial) greater than 1 indicates:
normal
an ABI ratio (ankle to brachial) less than 1 indicates:
occlusive disease
an ABI ratio (ankle to brachial) less than 0.5 indicates:
severe ischemia
definition: fibromuscular dysplasia
hyperplastic disorder affecting small and medium sized renal arteries
who is the classic fibromuscular dysplasia patient?
young active female with BP problems
what is the treatment for fibromuscular dysplasia?
PTA and surgical reconstruction
definition: thromboangiitis obliterans (buerger’s disease)
inflammatory disease of the small and medium sized arteries and veins of the extremities
who is the classic patient for buerger’s disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)?
young male who smokes
young active female with BP issues - what is the likely condition?
fibromuscular dysplasia
young male smoker with peripheral vascular problem (hands) - what is the likely condition?
buerger’s disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
definition: atheroembolism
subset of acute arterial occlusion - multiple small deposites of fibrin, platelets, and cholesterol debris embolizing downstream
definition: raynaud’s disease
syndrome manifested by attacks of pallor and cyanosis of the digits in response to cold or emotion
definition: livido reticularis
localized areas on the extremities develop a reddish blue rete or net like appearance
virchow’s triad
what is the significance
- stasis
- vascular damage
- hypercoagulability
predisposing factors to venous thrombosis
what is homan’s sign? what is it used for?
increased resistance or pain during forced plantarflexion
DVT
what are the gold standards for DVT diagnosis?
- ascending contrast enography
2. doppler
what is the most common finding on CXR of a patient with a known PE?
normal
if there ARE findings seen on CXR, they are:
hamptom’s hump
what test is used to diagnose PE?
pulmonary angiography
what are the treatments for PE?
heparin warfarin thrombolytics filter surgical removal
