Cardiac evaluation in children

Question 1

in children with heart disease, which is more affected - height or weight?

Answer 1

weight

Question 2

are cyanotic babies (from a heart cause) in respiratory distress?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

what are the two types of tachycardia in adolescent groups?

Answer 3

inappropriate sinus tach

sudden onset subdetermination tach

Question 4

what is the most common referral to a pediatric cardiologist?

Answer 4

heart murmur

Question 5

what are two common causes of tachycardia and palpitations in adolescent groups?

Answer 5

energy drinks and caffeine

Question 6

if arm systolic BP is significantly higher than in the leg, what should be considered?

Answer 6

aortic arch (coarctation)

Question 7

what does S1 correspond to? where is it heart best?

Answer 7

closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

apex or LLSB

Question 8

where is the best place to listen for a systolic ejection click?

Answer 8

apex

Question 9

in physiologic splitting of S2, what is the order of A2 and P2?

Answer 9

P2 follows A2

Question 10

what factors (3) impact heart murmurs?

Answer 10

flow (CO)
viscosity (anemia vs polycythemia)
orifice size

Question 11

what are the six elements of murmurs?

Answer 11

1. intensity
2. timing
3. shape
4. location
5. radiation
6. frequency

Question 12

valve stenosis is what type of murmur?

Answer 12

systolic - ejection

Question 13

are most murmurs diastolic or systolic?

Answer 13

systolic

Question 14

which ventricle is more dominant in children? how does that manifest on EKG?

Answer 14

RV

right axis deviation, RVH