Osteopathic considerations in cardiology

Question 1

the heart corresponds to what levels?

Answer 1

T1-5

Question 2

what parasympathetic nerves are responsible for blood vessels, heart, and coronary arteries? what is the result?

Answer 2

CN 3, 7, 9, 10
S2, S3, S4

vessels - no innervation
heart - decreases rate and contractility
coronary arteries - constrict

Question 3

what sympathetic nerves are responsible for blood vessels, heart, and coronary arteries? what is the result?

Answer 3

T1 - L2
cervical ganglia
lumbar splanchnic

vessels - constriction (except skeletal)
heart - increase rate and contractility
coronary arteries - dilate

Question 4

what are the important diaphragms for cardiovascular?

Answer 4

thoracoabdominal

UG

Question 5

what is the effect of flattening of the diaphragm on CO? why?

Answer 5

decrease

decreases volume displacement and pressure gradient leading to decreased lymphatic drainage and congestion

Question 6

which levels correspond to head and neck?

Answer 6

T1-4

Question 7

which levels correspond to the lungs?

Answer 7

T1-6

Question 8

which levels correspond to the stomach?

Answer 8

T5-9

Question 9

left sympathetics innervate what nodes? hyperactivity of sympathetics predisposes to what conditions?

Answer 9

AV nodes

ectopic foci and ventricular fibrillations

Question 10

right smpathetics innervate what nodes? hyperactivity of sympathetics predisposes to what conditions?

Answer 10

SA node

supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

Question 11

left parasympathetics innervate what nodes? hyperactivity of parasympathetics predisposes to what conditions?

Answer 11

AV node

AV block

Question 12

right parasmpathetics innervate what nodes? hyperactivity of parasympathetics predisposes to what conditions?

Answer 12

SA node

sinus bradyarrhythmia

Question 13

lymphatic drainage from the heart and lungs is carried by what vessel?

Answer 13

left thoracic duct

Question 14

kidneys and adrenals correspond to what levels?

Answer 14

T10-12