Cardiac emergencies in pediatrics

Question 1

what is the normal HR in neonates?

Answer 1

80-120

Question 2

what is the normal RR for term infants?

Answer 2

30-50 bpm

Question 3

what are the ABCDEs of resuscitation?

Answer 3

airway 
breathing 
circulation 
draw labs / do something 
echo

Question 4

acute cardiac decompensation can produce what non-specific symptoms?

Answer 4

respiratory distress
tach
poor perfusion

Question 5

cardiac decompensation may mimic what common disorder?

Answer 5

sepsis

Question 6

what are the 3 causes of left sided obstruction?

Answer 6

1. critial aortic stenosis
2. critical coarctation of the aorta
3. hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Question 7

what is the immediate management (3) for left sided obstruction?

Answer 7

1. PGE-1
2. inotropic support to increase contractility
3. correction of metabolis acidosis

Question 8

what should be avoided in left sided obstruction? why?

Answer 8

oxygen

oxygen is a pulmonary vasodilator - want blood to go to the body and not the lungs. it also constricts the PDA

Question 9

what is the definitive therapy for left sided obstruction?

Answer 9

balloon valvuloplasty or angioplasty

surgical procedure or palliation

Question 10

what are 3 causes of right sided obstruction?

Answer 10

pulmonary atresia
critical pulmonary stenosis
tricuspid atresia

Question 11

what is the immediate management for right sided obstruction?

Answer 11

1. PGE-1
2. possible inotropic support
3. correction of metabolic acidosis

Question 12

reentry SVT can be medically managed by what agent?

Answer 12

adenosine