Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
definition: dilated cardiomyopathy
a disorder of myocardial muscle resulting in dilation and weakening of the left ventricle
definition: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
disorders of myocardial muscle resulting in hypertrophy, left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias
definition: restrictive cardiomyopathy
a group of disorders resulting in excessive myocardial stiffening with resultant ventricular dysfunction
what is the functional classification of dilated cardiomyopathy?
- ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction
2. most common
what is the functional classification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- thickened walls (symmetric or asymmetric) with preserved contractile function
- familial
what is the functional classification of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
impaired diastolic filling without dilation
what is most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in the US?
ischemic CAD
what is the syndrome caused by dilated cardiomyopathy?
heart failure
what are the signs and symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?
LV failure - fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, pallor, tach
RV failure - anorexia, early satiety, elevated jugular pulsations
where is the cardiac apex located in dilated cardiomyopathy?
displaced down and to the left
what is universally present in dilated cardiomyopathy? why?
S3
ventricular volume overload
what is the most common cause of RV failure?
LV failure
what is pulsus alternans? what is it a sign of?
stronger pulse every other beat
RV failure
what are the agents of choice for dilated cardiomyopathy?
ACE inhibitors
what is the macroscopic pathology associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- increased myocardial mass
- asymmetric septal hypertrophy
- concentric hypertrophy
- apical hypertrophy
