Heart failure II Flashcards
what are the goals of HF therapy (4)?
- relieve symptoms
- prolong survival
- improve quality of life
- delay or prevent progression of myocardial dysfunction
HF stage A
high risk for HF - no structural HD or symptoms (yet)
HF stage B
structural ds (eg LVH) but no sx
HF stage C
structural ds (eg MI) with sx (eg SOB); largest HF group
HF stage D
refractory HF
high risk for HF - no structural HD or symptoms (yet)
HF stage A
structural ds (eg LVH) but no sx
HF stage B
structural ds (eg MI) with sx (eg SOB); largest HF group
HF stage C
refractory HF
HF stage D
how do the HF stages differ from the functional class?
include structural defects
what are the general measures of HF therapy?
risk factor reduction education activity diet manage fluid status
what is the primary therapeutic strategy to combat heart failure?
counteracting neurohormonal activation
what are the anti-neurohormonal drugs used to treat HF?
ACEIs
ARBs
BBs
what are the agents of choice for HF?
ACEIs
what drugs are useful when ACEIs are not tolerated due to cough or rash?
ARBs
what are the only types of BBs that can be used in HF? what are the indications?
only beta-1 blockers (metroprolol) and BBs with vasodilating properties (carvedilol) reasonably tolerated by HF patients
only patients in functional class II or III already on standard therapy and with no contraindications
what are some non drug options for HF?
mechanical - balloon pump, LV assist device
transplantation
artificial heart
